Table 1.
Studies assessing the role of carbohydrate stores on energy intake or body weight
| Study | Study design (n) | Difference in carbohydrate balance or glycogen store |
Difference in EI or BW |
|---|---|---|---|
| Goldberg et al.70 | Crossover; 1-day energy restriction by removing fat or carbohydrate (9) |
120±38 kcal day−1 (P=0.09) | 86±72 kcal day−1 (NS) |
| Snitker et al.71 | Crossover; 2-day isoenergetic diet, low or high in carbohydrate (8) |
130mmol glucose per kg dry muscle (46%; P<0.001) |
244 kcal day−1 (NS) |
| Shetty et al.72 | Crossover; 2-day isoenergetic diet high, medium or low in carbohydrate (6) |
1233 kcal 48 h−1 (P<0.05)a | 36 kcal 36 h−1 (P=NS) |
| Stubbs et al.73 | Crossover; 1-day isoenergetic diet, high or low in carbohydrate (9) |
576±53 kcal day−1 (P<0.05) | 2 kcal day−1 (P=NS) |
| Pannacciulli et al.74 | Cross-sectional; 3-day isoenergetic diet followed for a 3-day ad libitum food intake period (112) |
−476−533 kcal day−1 (range) | Carbohydrate balance inversely correlated with ad libitum energy intake (r=−0.34; P<0.001). |
| Eckel et al.76 | Longitudinal; Measurement of carbohydrate balance after 15-day isoenergetic, high-carbohydrate diet followed by weight gain determination after 4 years (36) |
642±85 kcal day−1 (end of high-carbohydrate diet) |
For each 100 kcal day−1 in carbohydrate balance, weight gain was 81±37 g per year lower (P=0.04) |
Abbreviations: BW, body weight; EI, energy intake; NS, not significant.
a
Difference between high- and low-carbohydrate diet. Values are mean±s.e.