Table 1.

Stimuli used in Study 1. An asterisk precedes all causally empty or implausible expertise categories.

Living Kind Pairs
How likely is it that there are people who are experts on just those dogs that can live in very cold places?
*How likely is it that there are people who are experts on just those dogs named Fido?
How likely is it that there are people who are experts on just those trees that lose their leaves in the winter?
* How likely is it that there are people who are experts on just those trees that were cut down this morning?
How likely is it that there are people who are experts on just those birds that eat insects?
* How likely is it that there are people who are experts on just those birds that hatched their eggs on weekends?
How likely is it that there are people who are experts on just those flowers that grow in the desert?
*How likely is it that there are people who are experts on just those flowers that are planted on curvy roads?

Artifacts
How likely is it that there are people who are experts on just those hammers that are used by miners?
* How likely is it that there are people who are experts on just those hammers that have red handles?
How likely is it that there are people who are experts on just those cameras that can be used underwater?
* How likely is it that there are people who are experts on just those cameras bought on Thursdays?
How likely is it that there are people who are experts on just those cars that are made to be driven on rough roads?
* How likely is it that there are people who are experts on just those cars that have dirty windshields?
How likely is it that there are people who are experts on just those brushes used for painting?
*How likely is it that there are people who are experts on just those brushes used by people with beards?