Table 1.
Demographic, Medical, and Nutritional Characteristics of Participants Overall
| Measure | Intervention (n=61) Percent (n) or Mean (± SD)* |
Control (n=63) Percent (n) or Mean (± SD)* |
|---|---|---|
| Demographic Characteristics | ||
| Percent Female | 84% (51) | 86% (54) |
| Percent White | 80% (49) | 76% (48) |
| Age | 82.33 (± 11.93) | 83.49 (± 11.46) |
| Length of Stay in Years | 2.95 (± 3.36) | 2.92 (± 3.47) |
| Medical Characteristics | ||
| Percent diagnosis of Depression | 41% (25) | 35% (22) |
| Percent diagnosis of Dementia | 43% (26) | 41% (26) |
| MMSE Total Score (0–30) † | 15.41 (± 8.75) | 15.00 (± 8.59) |
| Nutritional Characteristics | ||
| Percent Supplement Order | 49% (30) | 56% (35) |
| Percent Special Diet Order‡ | 82% (50) | 87% (55) |
| Percent Body Mass Index (BMI) < 20§ | 20% (12) | 14% (9) |
| Estimated REE (daily calories)‖ | 1144 (± 197) | 1147 (± 183) |
*
SD = Standard Deviation;
†
MMSE = Mini Mental State Exam
‡
Special diets included any restrictions (no added salt, no concentrated sugars) or altered texture (ground, mechanical soft, puree, thickened liquids).
§
Body Mass Index (BMI) formula = 0.454 weight in pounds / (0.254 height in inches)2
A BMI below 20 is considered indicative of under-nutrition.
‖
Harris-Benedict Formulas for Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) Estimation
Male = 66.5 + 13.75weight in kilograms + 5.0height in centimeters − 6.78age.
Female = 655.1 + 9.56weight in kilograms + 1.85height in centimeters − 4.68age.