Treatment process |
Screening, flow equalization, trickling filters, primary and secondary clarification, flocculation, denitrification, filtration, disinfection system, and two reclamation storage reservoirs; trickling filters with tertiary sand filtration |
Activated sludge with Bardenpho and secondary filtration; approx 150 collection system pump stations |
Single anoxic; MBR (Zenon but switched to Torrey flat plate prior to the fall sampling) with nitrification and denitrification system; 2.57 × 107-liter equalization tank with a 13,200-liter/min submersible lift station |
Anoxic and aerobic; MBR (Zenon) in the basement of a 293-unit high-rise building |
Plant capacity |
88,960 liters/day |
Average, 2.9 × 107 liters/day; full capacity, 3.4 × 107 liters/day |
950,000 liters/day but if needed can expand to 4.2 × 107 liters/day, a capacity that is attainable during high-flow seasons (i.e., full-scale activity and use of the sports stadium that it serves) |
Generates 95,000 liters/day reclaimed water, 34,000 liters/day of which is for toilet flushing and 43,500 liters/day of which is for the cooling tower |
Disinfection |
Chlorine |
Chlorine |
Chlorine |
UV and ozone |
Storage |
Open reservoir |
Open reservoir (6.84 m deep with a useable storage vol of approx 2.11 × 108 liters) |
3.79 × 106-liter tank |
75,700-liter tank |
Reuse type |
Irrigation (landscaping) |
Irrigation (residential, golf, schools, etc.) |
Toilet flushing and urinals at stadium |
Irrigation, toilet flushing, cooling tower |
pH range |
7.07-9.60 |
7.12-8.19 |
7.32-8.94 |
6.12-7.62 |
Conductivity (μS/cm) |
1,360-2,029 |
518-1,601 |
735-1,461 |
175-914 |
Turbidity (NTU) |
0.67-12.7 |
0.58-16.2 |
0.23-25.2 |
0.06-2.20 |
Water temp (°C) |
14.1-25.1 |
21.1-30.1 |
2.4-29.7 |
20.8-33.2 |
TOC concn (mg/liter) |
12.8 ± 1.9 |
7.2 ± 0.8 |
3.8 ± 1.2 |
2.7 ± 0.5 |
BDOC concn (mg/liter) |
6.2 ± 1.4 |
1.4 ± 0.8 |
0.6 ± 0.4 |
0.4 ± 0.2 |
AOC concn (μg/liter) |
1,407 ± 983 |
1,141 ± 503 |
459 ± 467 |
149 ± 109 |
Alkalinity (mg of CaCO3/liter) |
236 ± 28 |
205 ± 9 |
145 ± 16 |
33 ± 10 |
NH3-N concn (mg/liter) |
7.8 ± 10 |
0.1 ± 0.2 |
0.04 ± 0.2 |
0.01 ± 0 |
NO3-N concn (mg/liter) |
6.2 ± 10 |
0.7 ± 1 |
2.5 ± 1 |
24.5 ± 10 |
P concn (mg/liter) |
11 ± 3 |
4 ± 2 |
22 ± 12 |
2 ± 0.4 |