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. 2010 May 7;76(13):4169–4178. doi: 10.1128/AEM.03147-09

TABLE 2.

Dissipation of free chlorine in reclaimed water distribution systems

Location Season Chlorine concn (mg/liter)a
Effluent Storage DS1b DS2b DS3b
California Winter 2.5 A 0.15 E 0.13 E 0.09 E 0.02 E
Spring 1.43 C 0.05 E 0.04 E 0.03 E 0.06 E
Summer 1.78 B 0.14 E 0.11 E 0.11 E 0.14 E
Fall 0.75 D 0.03 E 0.02 E 0.01 E 0.01 E
Florida Winter 1.64 I 0.09 J 0.03 K <0.01 K <0.01 K
Spring 4.33 G 0.08 J 0.65 J 0.20 J 0.10 J
Summer 2.68 H 0.10 J 0.10 J 0.13 J 0.07 J
Fall 5.06 F 0.20 J 0.15 J 0.14 J 0.03 J
Massachusetts Winter <0.01 Q 0.14 Oc <0.01 Q <0.01 Q <0.01 Q
Spring <0.01 Q 0.23 Nc 0.10 P 0.10 P <0.01 Q
Summer <0.01 Q 0.33 Lc <0.01 Q <0.01 Q <0.01 Q
Fall <0.01 Q 0.28 Mc <0.01 Q <0.01 Q <0.01 Q
a

For each location numbers followed by the same letter in each row and numbers followed by the same letter in each column are not significantly different (P > 0.05). The mean concentrations are based on data for four replicates, and each replicate consisted of samples obtained on four consecutive days. Chlorination is not used at the New York site.

b

DS1, DS2, and DS3 are locations in the distribution system; DS1 is closest to the storage site, and DS3 is farthest from the storage site.

c

At the Massachusetts site, chorine is added at the storage site instead of to the effluent.