FIG. 8.

IκB-NF-κB signaling pathway is not involved in SARS-CoV-induced CCL2 expression. A549 cells were treated with SARS-CoV VLPs (A) or with the viral spike protein (B) for various time periods as indicated. Cell lysates were prepared and subjected to Western blot analysis with specific antibodies against IκBα and tubulin as indicated. Samples marked time zero represent controls as described in the legend to Fig. 5.