Table 2. Recent specific genetic associations to different enteric infections in humans.
Pathogen | Genetic associations |
---|---|
Norovirus | HBGAs, |
Clostridium difficile | -251 in the IL-8 promoter gene. |
Enterotoxigenic E. coli | -1082, -819 and -592 in the IL-10 promoter gene. |
Enteroaggregative E. coli | -251 in the IL-8 promoter gene. |
Vibrio cholerae | HBGAs, rs17124508, rs11906665, rs1884884, rs17307318 and rs8115852 in the LPLUNC1 gene. |
Salmonella spp | HBGAs, Microsatellite IVS8CA in the CFTR intronic region, TNF gene polymorphisms, HLA-DRB1 *0301/6/8, *04 and *1001, HLA-DQB1 *0201-3 and *0401/2. |
Inflammatory enteropathogens | -4191 in the CD14 promoter gene, +1181 in the OPG gene, +632 lactoferrin exon 15 gene. |
Entamoeba histolytica | HLA-DQB1 *0601 and *1501. |
Cryptosporidium spp | HLA-DQB1 *0301, HLA-B*15. |
HBGAs (Histo-blood group antigens), IL (Interleukin), LPLUNC1 (long palate, lung and nasal epithelium clone 1), CFTR (Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator), TNF (Tumor necrosis factor), HLA (Human leukocyte antigen), CD14 (Cluster of differentiation 14), OPG (Osteoprotegerin).