Table 3.
Factors associated with possible and probable opioid misuse; Arkansas Medicaid.
| Possible Misuse | Probable Misuse | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Odds Ratio |
95% CI | Wald's Chisq |
P-value | Odds Ratio |
95% CI | Wald's Chisq |
P-value |
| Age: 18–30 | 4.13 | 3.23, 5.28 | 128.510 | <0.001 | 16.77 | 8.60, 32.73 | 68.341 | <0.001 |
| Age: 31–40 | 3.58 | 2.93, 4.37 | 155.235 | <0.001 | 10.16 | 5.40, 19.12 | 51.663 | <0.001 |
| Age: 41–50 | 2.53 | 2.09, 3.05 | 92.067 | <0.001 | 5.13 | 2.73, 9.64 | 25.838 | <0.001 |
| Age: 51–64 | 1.86 | 1.54, 2.24 | 42.716 | <0.001 | 2.92 | 1.53, 5.56 | 10.616 | <0.001 |
| reference: age ≥65 | ||||||||
| Female | 0.92 | 0.82, 1.03 | 1.956 | 0.162 | 0.69 | 0.53, 0.88 | 8.492 | <0.001 |
| reference: male | ||||||||
| CNCP: Joint | 0.90 | 0.80, 1.02 | 2.818 | 0.093 | 0.87 | 0.66, 1.14 | 1.008 | <0.001 |
| CNCP: Back | 1.35 | 1.20, 1.51 | 26.731 | <0.001 | 1.70 | 1.31, 2.20 | 15.762 | <0.001 |
| CNCP: Head | 1.07 | 0.94, 1.21 | 0.904 | 0.342 | 1.09 | 0.83, 1.43 | 0.361 | <0.001 |
| CNCP: Neck | 1.26 | 1.10, 1.44 | 10.686 | 0.001 | 1.29 | 0.97, 1.70 | 3.094 | <0.001 |
| reference: no CNCP diagnosis | ||||||||
| # non-tracer pain | 1.09 | 1.04, 1.13 | 14.879 | <0.001 | 1.27 | 1.16, 1.39 | 27.632 | <0.001 |
| reference: no non-tracer pain | ||||||||
| Charlson score | 0.97 | 0.93, 1.01 | 2.118 | 0.146 | 0.89 | 0.81, 0.98 | 5.351 | <0.001 |
| MH: 1 | 1.02 | 0.89, 1.16 | 0.050 | 0.823 | 0.89 | 0.66, 1.19 | 0.648 | <0.001 |
| MH: ≥2 | 0.94 | 0.79, 1.12 | 0.456 | 0.500 | 0.73 | 0.50, 1.05 | 2.897 | <0.001 |
| reference: no mental health diagnosis | ||||||||
| SA / alcohol | 1.41 | 1.06, 1.86 | 5.639 | 0.018 | 0.98 | 0.53, 1.82 | 0.004 | <0.001 |
| SA / opioid | 1.48 | 0.81, 2.69 | 1.626 | 0.202 | 2.66 | 1.14, 6.23 | 5.087 | <0.001 |
| SA / non-opioid | 1.60 | 1.24, 2.06 | 13.227 | <0.001 | 2.29 | 1.48, 3.54 | 13.796 | <0.001 |
| reference: no SA diagnosis | ||||||||
| Sedative/hypnotics days supply/30d |
1.00 | 0.99, 1.01 | 0.007 | 0.931 | 0.98 | 0.95, 1.01 | 1.791 | <0.001 |
| reference: <30d supply | ||||||||
| Opioid daily dose: median-120 | 1.21 | 1.08, 1.35 | 10.261 | 0.001 | 1.80 | 1.38, 2.35 | 18.665 | <0.001 |
| Opioid daily dose: >120 | 2.02 | 1.61, 2.54 | 36.582 | <0.001 | 4.69 | 3.03, 7.24 | 48.448 | <0.001 |
| reference: opioid daily dose < median | ||||||||
| Opioid: schedule II short only | 1.55 | 1.14, 2.11 | 7.719 | 0.005 | 1.94 | 1.06, 3.56 | 4.581 | <0.001 |
| Opioid: schedule II long only | 1.38 | 1.10, 1.73 | 7.827 | 0.005 | 0.71 | 0.41, 1.23 | 1.484 | <0.001 |
| Opioid: non-schedule II + schedule II short |
3.70 | 2.85, 4.80 | 96.235 | <0.001 | 4.69 | 2.93, 7.50 | 41.415 | <0.001 |
| Opioid: non-schedule II + schedule II long |
2.24 | 1.84, 2.71 | 66.598 | <0.001 | 2.20 | 1.50, 3.23 | 16.323 | <0.001 |
| Opioid: schedule II short + long | 2.12 | 1.58, 2.85 | 24.970 | <0.001 | 1.44 | 0.81, 2.55 | 1.546 | <0.001 |
| Opioid: All 3 types | 4.22 | 2.79, 6.38 | 46.559 | <0.001 | 8.00 | 4.53, 14.13 | 51.331 | <0.001 |
| reference: non-schedule II only | ||||||||