. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Jul 7.

Published in final edited form as: Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2009 Dec;163(12):1122–1128. doi: 10.1001/archpediatrics.2009.234

Table 1.

Adjusted Odds Ratios for Usual Supine Sleep Position for 1993 – 2007 (N=13580)

Variable		Total N (%)	Usually supine N (%)	Usually supine Adj. OR (95% CI)	Usually Supine Adj. OR (95% CI) Behavioral Variables Added

Year	1993	905 (6.7)	153 (16.9)	reference	reference
	1994	871 (6.4)	232 (26.6)	1.77 (1.40; 2.23)^*	1.72 (1.35; 2.20)^*
	1995	911 (6.7)	348 (38.2)	2.99 (2.40; 3.73)^*	2.45 (1.94; 3.10)^*
	1996	860 (6.3)	298 (34.7)	2.74 (2.19; 3.44)^*	2.14 (1.68; 2.72)^*
	1997	898 (6.6)	484 (53.9)	5.77 (4.63; 7.20)^*	4.25 (3.36; 5.38)^*
	1998	873 (6.4)	494 (56.6)	6.38 (5.10; 7.96)^*	4.14 (3.26; 5.26)^*
	1999	917 (6.8)	601 (65.5)	9.72 (7.76; 12.16)^*	5.49 (4.32; 6.99)^*
	2000	867 (6.4)	584 (67.4)	10.47 (8.34; 13.16)^*	5.81 (4.54; 7.42)^*
	2001	879 (6.5)	635 (72.2)	12.55 (9.95;15.82)^*	6.12 (4.76; 7.86)^*
	2002	1015 (7.5)	723 (71.2)	12.2 (9.75; 15.27)^*	5.76 (4.51; 7.34)^*
	2003	919 (6.8)	673 (73.2)	13.03 (10.35; 16.42)^*	6.77 (5.28; 8.70)^*
	2004	925 (6.8)	655 (70.8)	12.16 (9.68; 15.27)^*	5.38 (4.20; 6.89)^*
	2005	891 (6.6)	649 (72.8)	13.88 (11.00; 17.52)^*	6.47 (5.02; 8.34)^*
	2006	942 (6.9)	723 (76.8)	16.92 (13.38; 21.39)^*	7.26 (5.62; 9.37)^*
	2007	907 (6.7)	650 (71.7)	12.74 (10.11; 16.04)^*	5.13 (3.99; 6.60)^*

Mother's Age	Less than 20	601 (4.4)	303 (50.4)	reference	reference
	20 to 29	6725(49.)	3808 (56.6	1.14 (0.94; 1.38)	1.01 (0.83; 1.24)
	30 or more	6254 (46.1)	3791 (60.6)	1.24 (1.02; 1.52)^*	1.03 (0.83; 1.28)

Mother's Race	Black	738 (5.4)	307 (41.6)	reference	reference
	White	11480 (84.5)	6767 (58.9)	1.94 (1.65; 2.29)^*	1.83 (1.52; 2.19)^*
	Hispanic	814 (6.0)	474 (58.2)	1.73 (1.39; 2.16)^*	1.91 (1.50; 2.42)^*
	Asian/Other	548 (4.0)	354 (64.6)	2.05 (1.60; 2.63)^*	2.09 (1.60; 2.74)^*

Mother's Education	Up to college	7461 (54.9)	3965 (53.1)	reference	reference
	College/more	6119 (45.1)	3937 (64.3)	1.27 (1.16; 1.38)^*	1.11 (1.01; 1.23)^*

Household Income	Less than $20,000	1958 (14.4)	939 (48)	reference	reference
	20,000 to $50,000	5348 (39.4)	2856 (53.4)	1.08 (0.96; 1.21)	1.04 (0.91; 1.18)
	$50,000 or more	6274 (46.2)	4107 (65.5)	1.22 (1.07; 1.39)^*	1.05 (0.91; 1.22)

US Region	South	4661 (34.3)	2502 (53.7)	reference	reference
	Midwest	4231 (31.2)	2608 (61.6)	1.47 (1.34; 1.62)^*	1.39 (1.26; 1.54)^*
	Mid-Atlantic	1870 (13.8)	1079 (57.7)	1.25 (1.11; 1.41)^*	1.21 (1.07; 1.38)^*
	New England	727 (5.4)	446 (61.3)	1.43 (1.20; 1.71)^*	1.33 (1.09; 1.61)^*
	West	2091 (15.4)	1267 (60.6)	1.51 (1.34; 1.69)^*	1.46 (1.28; 1.65)^*

Parity	More than one	6846 (50.4)	3841 (56.1)	reference	reference
	One	6734 (49.6)	4061 (60.3)	1.31 (1.21; 1.42)^*	1.22 (1.12; 1.33)^*

Infant's Gender	Male	6981 (51.4)	4027 (57.7)	reference	reference
	Female	6599 (48.6)	3875 (58.7)	1.08 (1.00; 1.16)	1.08 (0.99; 1.17)

Infant's Age	Less than 8 weeks	988 (7.3)	511 (51.7)	reference	reference
	8 to 15 weeks	4002 (29.5)	2249 (56.2)	1.23 (1.05; 1.43)^*	1.46 (1.23; 1.73)^*
	16 weeks or more	8590 (63.3)	5142 (59.9)	1.47 (1.27; 1.71)^*	1.83 (1.55; 2.17)^*

Prematurity (<37 wks)	Yes	1487 (10.9)	861 (57.9)	reference	reference
	No	12093 (89.1)	7041 (58.2)	1.17 (1.04; 1.32)^*	1.22 (1.07; 1.39)^*

Sleep location	Crib	9071 (66.8)	5232 (57.7)	-	reference
	Adult bed	1286 (9.5)	759 (59)	-	1.06 (0.92; 1.22)
	Bassinet	1793 (13.2)	1091 (60.8)	-	1.06 (0.93; 1.21)
	Other	1430 (10.5)	820 (57.3)	-	0.99 (0.87; 1.14)

Position choice related to comfort	Yes	5144 (37.9)	1972 (38.3)	-	reference
Position choice related to comfort	No	8436 (62.1)	5930 (70.3)	-	3.94 (3.62; 4.29)^*

Position choice related to choking	Yes	1359 (10.0)	325 (23.9)	-	reference
Position choice related to choking	No	12221 (90.0)	7577 (62)	-	5.18 (4.46; 6.00)^*

Advice from doctor	No advice	4711 (34.7)	2073 (44)	-	reference
	Not in favor of supine	4474 (32.9)	2146 (48)	-	0.92 (0.84; 1.01)
	In favor of supine	4395 (32.4)	3683 (83.8)	-	3.05 (2.72; 3.41)^*

95% CI does not include 1.00