Table 2.
Unadjusted association of risk factor variables with corticosteroid therapy at diagnosis
| Risk factor | OR (95% CI) | P-value |
|---|---|---|
| Patient and practice characteristics | ||
| Age (continuous) | 0.99 (0.98-1.01) | 0.39 |
| Age by 10 years | 0.65 | |
| 40-49 | 0.75 (0.33-1.72) | 0.50 |
| 50-59 | 1.22 (0.77-1.95) | 0.39 |
| 60-69† | 1.0 | -- |
| 70-79 | 0.89 (0.64-1.25) | 0.51 |
| >=80 | 0.91 (0.63-1.33) | 0.64 |
| Sex (female) | 1.40 (1.07-1.83) | 0.013 |
| Practice experience (IPF patients/year) | 1.00 (0.97-1.03) | 0.98 |
| Practice experience (quintiles) | 0.97 | |
| 1† | 1.0 | -- |
| 2 | 0.93 (0.62-1.42) | 0.75 |
| 3 | 1.01 (0.66-1.53) | 0.97 |
| 4 | 0.89 (0.58-1.36) | 0.58 |
| 5 | 0.92 (0.60-1.42) | 0.71 |
| Co-morbid conditions | ||
| Diabetes | 0.77 (0.51-1.15) | 0.20 |
| Obesity | ||
| Yes | 1.13 (0.77-1.66) | 0.54 |
| missing | 0.85 (0.62-1.17) | 0.33 |
| BMI | 1.00 (0.98-1.02) | 0.96 |
| BMI quintiles | 0.36 | |
| 1 | 1.27 (0.80-2.00) | 0.32 |
| 2 | 0.79 (0.49-1.29) | 0.36 |
| 3† | 1.0 | -- |
| 4 | 0.93 (0.58-1.49) | 0.76 |
| 5 | 1.14 (0.71-1.83) | 0.59 |
| HTN or CHF* | 0.93 (0.70-1.24) | 0.63 |
| PUD or GIB** | 0.85 (0.50-1.43) | 0.53 |
| Glaucoma/cataract | 0.98 (0.68-1.42) | 0.93 |
| Osteoporosis | 1.18 (0.83-1.68) | 0.35 |
| Smoking | ||
| Yes | 0.87 (0.64-1.19) | 0.39 |
| missing | 0.97 (0.69-1.37) | 0.87 |
| Past ILD‡ | 1.44 (0.88-2.36) | 0.15 |
| Asthma or COPD*** | 1.16 (0.84-1.62) | 0.36 |
| Disease characteristics | ||
| Dyspnea | 1.44 (1.10-1.88) | 0.007 |
| Cough | 1.18 (0.91-1.53) | 0.22 |
| Oxygen use | 2.71 (1.93-3.79) | <0.001 |
| Past steroid use | 3.24 (2.44-4.30) | <0.001 |
| Recent steroid use | 7.90 (5.55-11.24) | <0.001 |
†
Reference category
*
Hypertension or congestive heart failure
**
Peptic ulcer disease or gastrointestinal bleeding
***
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
‡
Interstitial lung disease other than IPF