Description of Variables Used to Develop ESL Placement Propensity Score

Variable Name	Description	Source
Intact family structure	Two biological parents = 1, other = 0	Wave I in-home
Female	Female = 1, male = 0	Wave I in-home
Northeast	Northeast = 1; West, East, South = 0	Wave I school  administration
South	South = 1; West, East, Northeast = 0	Wave I school  administration
College	At least one parent completed college	Wave I parent
Some secondary	At least one parent completed  some secondary school	Wave I parent
Some college	At least one parent completed some college	Wave I parent
Age at Wave I	Student’s age in years	Wave I in-home
Interview in non-  English language	Student interviewed in language other  than English at Wave I	Wave I in-home
Second-generation  immigrant	Student born in United States, one or  more parent born outside United States	Wave I in-home
Asian	Student self-report race	Wave I in-home
White	Student self-report race	Wave I in-home
Black	Student self-report race	Wave I in-home
AH-PVT	Cross-sectional PVT percentile rank	Wave I in-home
Low math enrollment  Grade 9	Student enrolled in math lower than  algebra in Grade 9	High school  transcript
Proportion Filipino  in school	Aggregated student reports: Filipino  ethnicity	Wave I in-school
Proportion Cuban  in school	Aggregated student reports: Cuban  ethnicity	Wave I in-school
Proportion of parents  without high school  diploma in school	Aggregated student reports: Neither  parents has a high school diploma	Wave I in-school
Proportion age 5+ not  speaking English well in  student’s neighborhood	Proportion of individuals age 5  and older not speaking English  well in student’s neighborhood	Wave I contextual
Male unemployment rate in  student’s neighborhood	Male unemployment rate in  student’s neighborhood	Wave I contextual