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. 2010 Mar 17;285(27):21103–21113. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M109.080671

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© 2010 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

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FIGURE 2. — Effect of ASMase, bacterial SMase, and ceramide on TNFα production in primary macrophages. TNFα levels were measured by ELISA in the medium of peritoneal macrophages from asm^+/+ (filled symbols) or asm^−/− (open symbols). A, cells treated with LPS (100 ng/ml, circles) or phosphate-buffered saline (triangles) for the indicated times. B, cells treated with LPS for 4 h in the presence of bacterial SMase, C₂-, C₁₆-ceramide at the indicated concentrations. Control cells were treated with 0.1% ethanol. Data are means ± S.E., n = 3 (A) or n =2 (B). Statistical significance of the main effect (***, p < 0.001) and the interaction effect (###, p < 0.001; #, p < 0.05) was calculated by two-way ANOVA. The statistical significance of bacterial SMase and ceramide effects was calculated by one-way ANOVA (*, p < 0.05; ***, p < 0.001).