Table 2. Summary of the bimetallic DENs as catalysts.
| Metal system | Synthetic route a | Composition of DENs | Structure of DENs | Average diameter/nm | Catalyzed reaction | Property | Ref. |
| RuRh | C | G5-Q(Ru x Rh y ) | Alloy | ca. 1.0 | Hydrosilylation | >98.8% b | 25 |
| Hydrogenation c | |||||||
| PdAu | C | G6-Q116(Pd n Au150–n ) | Alloy | ca. 1.8 | Allyl alcohol | 70–200% (m) | 16 |
| S | G6-Q116[Au55](Pd n ) | Core/shell | 1.8–2.3 | Allyl alcohol | 30–38% (Pd) | 16 | |
| S | G6-OH[Pd55](Au n ) | Core/shell | 2.4–2.9 | Allyl alcohol | Precipitation | 16 | |
| PdPt | C | G4-OH(Pd x Pt40–x ) | Alloy | ca. 2.1 | Allyl alcohol | 30–50% (m) | 15 |
| PdPt | C | G4-OH(Pd x Pt y ) | Alloy | ca. 2.3 | 1,3-Cyclooctadiene | 45–50% (m) d | 14,23 |
| PdRh | C | G4-OH(Pd x Rh y ) | Alloy | ca. 2.3 | 1,3-Cyclooctadiene | 75–120% (m) d | 14,27 |
| PdPt | C,S | Gn-OH(Pd x Pt y ) | — | — | 3,4-Epoxy-1-butene | Enhanced e | 26 |
| PtRu | C,S | Gn-OH(Pt x Ru y ) | — | — | 3,4-Epoxy-1-butene | Enhanced e | 26 |
| Oxidation f | |||||||
| PdAu | C | G4-NH2(Pd27.5Au27.5) | Alloy | ca. 1.8 | CO | 35 °C (Pd) | 17 |
| PtAu g | TD | G5-OH(Pt16Au16) | Alloy | <3.0 | CO | 2 (Pt), 8.5 (c) | 32 |
| PtCu g | C | G5-OH(Pt23Cu23) | Alloy | <3.0 | CO | 2 (Pt) | 44 |
| PtCu | C | G4-OH[Pt x ](Cu y ) | Core/shell | <3.0 | CO | — | 30 |
| Reduction | |||||||
| PdPt | C | G6-OH(Pd x Pt y ) | Alloy | ca. 1.8 | O2 | 2.4 (Pt) h | 47 |
| PtAu | E | G4-NH2(Pt x Au y ) | Alloy | — | O2 | Good | 48 |
| Application | |||||||
| AuAg | C | G6-OH(Au27.5Ag27.5) | Alloy | ca. 1.5 | No | — | 28 |
| S | G6-OH[Au55](Ag n ) | Core/shell | ca. 1.9 | No | — | 28 | |
| C,S | G6-OH[AuAg]55(Au n ) | Core/shell | 1.5–2.7 | No | — | 28 | |
| AgM t i | PD | Gn-OH(Ag x M t y ) | Alloy | — | No | — | 18 |
| PD | Gn-OH[Ag x ](M t y ) | Core/shell | — | No | — | 18 | |
| CuM t i | PD | Gn-OH(Cu x M t y ) | Alloy | — | No | — | 18 |
| PD | Gn-OH[Cu x ](M t y ) | Core/shell | — | No | — | 18 | |
| CuAg | PD | Gn-OH(Cu x Ag y ) | Alloy | — | No | — | 18 |
| PD | Gn-OH[Cu x ](Ag y ) | Core/shell | — | No | — | 18 |
a C = Co-complexation, S = Sequential loading, PD = Partial displacement reaction, TD = Total displacement reaction, E = Electrodeposition.
b The conversion of Si–H.
c Enhanced percentage in turnover frequency compared to the monometallic DENs and their physical mixture (denoted m) in brackets.
d The selectivity at the complete conversion of 1,3-cyclooctadiene was higher than 99%.
e Bimetallic DENs enhanced the catalytic activity of the selective hydrogenation (in some cases) compared with materials prepared from traditional wet impregnation of metal salts.
f PdAu catalyst prepared using G4-NH2(Pd27.5Au27.5) lowered temperature of complete (100%) CO conversion compared to that of Pd catalyst prepared via G4-NH2(Pd55) (in PdAu system), relative rate times of Pt16Au16 to those of Pt32 and co-metallic Pt32 + Au32 (denoted c) catalysts at 100 °C (in PtAu system), and relative rate times of Pt23Cu23 to that of Pt45 catalyst at 60 °C (in PtCu system).
g PtAu and PtCu alloy catalysts were obtained by removing G5-OH using thermolysis treatment.
h Relative factor in electrocatalytic activity compared to monometallic Pt DENs in brackets.
i M t = Au, Pt, and Pd.