Table 4.

Estimated annual global burden of HCC cases attributable to aflatoxin exposure in HBsAg-positive and HBsAg-negative populations.

		Annual HCC cases
WHO region/country	Population (millions)a	HBsAg-negative	HBsAg-positive
Africa
Democratic Republic of Congo	68	1–173	1–551
Ethiopia	85	11–288	21–643
The Gambia	1.7	1–17	3–117
Kenya	38	11–450	44–2,270
Mozambique	21	73–361	111–1,200
Nigeria	149	1,800–2,940	8,200–13,400
South Africa	48	0–79	0–255
Tanzania	41	1–195	1–554
Zimbabwe	13	19–50	68–249
Total region	755	2,150–9,300	9,230–50,600
North America
Canada	33	1	1
United States	300	8	1–5
Total region	333	9	2–5
Latin America
Argentina	40	0–16	0–5
Brazil	190	4–930	3–969
Mexico	109	152–924	14–83
Total region	562	589–2,980	84–2,060
Eastern Mediterranean
Egypt	81	51–452	37–1400
Iran	66	33–56	4–9
Pakistan	172	116–832	119–851
Sudan	41	58–717	140–5,950
Total region	569	446–3,720	341–13,200
Southeast Asia
India	1,150	438–11,200	331–16,200
Indonesia	237	203–2,820	160–4,340
Thailand	63	307–439	461–1,100
Total region	~1,734	1,740–17,300	1,460–27,600
Western Pacific region
Australia	21	0–1	0–1
China	1,300	1,990–4,430	5,300–14,400
Korea	50	5–29	6–45
Malaysia	28	40–372	63–588
Philippines	90	333–462	594–2,330
Total region	~1,740	2,710–6,510	6,310–21,200
Europe
Eastern Europe	290	94–114	61–244
Southern Europe	144	0–56	0–121
Western Europe	183	5–24	1–7
Total region	617	99–184	62–372
Total (world)	6,280	7,700–40,000	17,500–115,000
Total annual HCC cases attributable to aflatoxin worldwide		25,200–155,000

^aData from Central Intelligence Agency 2009.