Table 5.

Results with inclusion of pilot study observations (n = 69) in multivariate regression analysis of prenatal exposures to pesticides as a predictor of adverse effects in Ecuadorian school children 6–8 years of age.

	Prenatal exposure
Outcome scores	None [mean (95% CI)a or ORb; n = 42]	Paternal only [β (95% CI )a or OR (95% CI)b; n = 41]	Maternal [β (95% CI )a or OR (95% CI)b; n = 70]
Visual-performance functions (Stanford-Binet Copying Test)c
Standard scores (designs 13–20)a	1.8 (−0.1 to 3.7)	−0.3 (−1.0 to 0.4)	−0.7 (−1.3 to −0.1)**
Standard scores (designs 13–20)b	1	1.72 (0.47 to 6.27)	6.11 (1.62 to 23.04)#
Blood pressurea,d
Systolic	111.8 (107.2 to 116.5)	−1.3 (−4.5 to 1.9)	3.3 (0.5 to 6.1)**
Diastolic	73.7 (68.9 to 78.5)	0.4 (−2.9 to 3.7)	2.5 (−0.4 to 5.5)*

The nonexposed group was used as the reference category. Mutual adjustment for prenatal and current exposures did not affect the results.

^aNormally distributed outcome, linear regression models were used.

^bLogistic regression models were used to calculate the odds for being worse than the 80th percentile.

^cAdjusted for child’s sex, age, number of daily meals, BMI, stunting, school grade, having repeated one grade, maternal age, maternal education level, parity, delivery at home, family living in a traditional house, drinking water supply, sewage drainage at home, and cohort. The groups did not show significant differences in total standard score of Stanford-Binet Copying Test (data not shown).

^dAdjusted for child’s sex, age, race, BMI, stunting, and cohort.

^*p < 0.10;

^**p ≤ 0.05;

^#p < 0.01.