Table 4.

Multivariate Cox proportional hazard modelling for predictors of death in patients with diabetes mellitus

Variable	P value	H.R.	95% C.I.
Age <50		1.0 (reference)
Age 50–60	0.22	2.2	0.6–7.9
Age 60–70	0.005	5.8	1.7–19.7
Age >70	<0.001	12.9	3.6–46.3
Gender	0.96	1.0	0.6–1.8
Date of DM diagnosis	0.01	1.1	1.03–1.2
Smoker	0.45	1.2	0.7–2.2
Hypertension	0.61	1.2	0.7–2.0
Obesity	0.65	0.9	0.5–1.5
Hyperlipidemia	0.14	0.5	0.2–1.3
Prior Malignancy	0.03	2.4	1.1–5.3
CVD	0.02	2.8	1.2–6.7
IHD	0.01	2.3	1.2–4.4
NAFLD	0.03	2.2	1.1–4.2

DM=diabetes mellitus, IHD = Ischemic Heart Disease, CVD=Cerebrovascular Disease. Hypertension defined as >135/85 or taking anti-hypertensive medication, Obesity defined as BMI ≥30 kg/m², Hyperlipidemia defined as elevated triglycerides (≥150 mg/dl), or low high density lipoprotein (HDL ≥40 mg/dl for men, ≥50 mg/dl for women) or taking lipid lowering medication.