Table 1.

Characteristics of studies included

Study	Year	Dichotomous data	No. of cases	WC	NWC	Shoulder score used
Abboud	2006	Y	19	9	10	PENN
Antoniou	2000	Y	41	19	22	SST
Arcand	2000	Y	35	22	13	UCLA
Budoff	2005	Y	62	5	57	UCLA, SST
Chen	2007	N	70	5	65	ASES
Connor	2000	Y	36	20	16	ASES
Ellman	1991	Y	65	17	48	Modified UCLA
Frieman	1995	Y	74	57	17	ASES
Gartsman	1990	Y	152	56	96	ASES
Hawkins	1988	Y	108	35	73	Questionnaire
Hawkins	1989	Y	51	38	13	No objective test
Hawkins	1999	Y	19	8	11	No objective test, mostly subjective questioning
Hawkins	2001	Y	118	47	71	ASES
Iannotti	1996	N	40	24	16	Constant score
Johannsen	1997	Y	60	24	36	Constant score
Misamore	1995	Y	107	24	83	UCLA
McKee	2000	N	71	23	48	SST, SPADI, SSRS, M-ASES, SSI
Nicholson	2003	N	106	40	66	SST, ASES
Noerdlinger	2002	Y	15	10	5	SST, ASES, Constant Murley, Rowe, SF-36
Ogilvie-Harris	1990	Y	52	28	24	NA
Olsewski	1994	Y	61	24	37	UCLA, Neer
Paulos	1990	Y	66	18	48	Questionnaire
Paulos	1994	Y	18	4	14	UCLA
Sallay	2005	N	321	155	166	ASES
Shinners	2002	Y	41	11	30	UCLA
Smith	2000	N	191	44	147	SST, SF-36
Spanghel	2002	Y	51	23	28	UCLA
Viola	2000	N	1063	335	728	SST, SF-36
Total no. of cases			3113	1125	1988
Total no. of cases for meta-analysis				499	752

WC workers’ compensation, NWC nonworkers’ compensation, ASES American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons rating scale, SST simple shoulder test, UCLA University of California Los Angeles score, SF-36 SF-36 Health Survey, PENN University of Pennsylvania shoulder score, Neer Neer shoulder score, Rowe Rowe shoulder score, NA not available