Table 2.
Structures and their predictive effectiveness for the dependent variables “work status”, “functional limitation”, and “pain”
| Structures and their aspects | Study | Indicator of effectiveness for | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DV: Work status | DV: Functional limitation | DV: Pain | Sample | ||
| 1. Socio-demographic factors | Grotle et al. [2] b,c,d | - | - | - | a, ch |
| a) Educational level/employment status | Hazard et al. [4] e | +(e) | DV: n. m. | DV: n. m. | a |
| b) Gender | Hurley et al. [6] b,c,d | + (main score) | +(main score) | +(main score) | - |
| c) Year of birth | Linton and Boersma [11] a,b,c,d | +(b) | - | - | a, sa |
| d) Nationality | Linton and Halldén [12] b,c,d | - | DV: n. m. | DV: n. m. | a, sa |
| e) Marital status | Neubauer et al. [15] a,b | DV: n. m. | DV: n. m. | +(ab) | a, sa, ch |
| 2. Work characteristics and work related attitudes | Grotle et al. [3] a,b,c,d,e | +(e) | - | - | a, ch |
| a) Biomechanical load | Hazard et al. [4] a,e | +(a,e) | DV: n. m. | DV: n. m. | a |
| b) Job satisfaction | Hurley et al. [6] a,b,c,d,e | +(main score) | +(main score) | +(main score) | - |
| c) Days of activity limitation | Linton and Boersma [11] a,b,d,e | +(d) | +(e) | - | a, sa |
| d) Previous days off work | Linton and Halldén [12] a,b,d,e | +(a,d,e) | DV: n. m. | DV: n. m. | a, sa |
| e) Perceived chance of being able to work | |||||
| 3. Physical functioning/activities of daily living | Grotle et al. [3] a,b,c,d,e | +(e) | +(e) | +(b,e) | a, ch |
| a) Ability to do light work | Hurley et al. [6] a,b,c,d,e | +(main score) | +(main score) | +(main score) | - |
| b) Walk for an hour | Linton and Boersma [11] a,b,c,d,e | +(d) | +(e) | +(e) | a, sa |
| c) Do household chores | Linton and Halldén [12] a,b,c,d,e | - | DV: n. m. | DV: n. m. | a, sa |
| d) Weekly shopping | Reis et al. [18] | - | +(main score) | +(main score) | - |
| e) Sleep | Truchon and Côté [26] f | +(f) | - | - | sa |
| f) Exercise | |||||
| 4. Aspects of Pain | Grotle et al. [3] a,b,c,d, | - | - | +(a) | a, ch |
| a) Current pain | Hazard et al. [4] a | +(a) | DV: n. m. | DV: n. m. | a |
| b) Average pain | Hurley et al. [6] a,b,c,d | +(main score) | +(main score) | +(main score) | - |
| c) Intensity, duration and frequency of pain | Linton and Boersma [11] a,b,c,d | - | +(d) | +(b) | a, sa |
| d) Location of pain | Linton and Halldén [12] a,b,c,d | - | DV: n. m. | DV: n. m. | a, sa |
| e) Other locations of pain | Neubauer et al. [15] c,e,f | DV: n. m. | DV: n. m. | +(c,e,f) | a, sa, ch |
| f) Acceptance of pain | Reis et al. [18] g,h | - | +(main score) | +(main score) | - |
| g) Limitation through pain, pain impacts life quality | Scerri et al. [19] c | +(main score) | DV: n. m. | DV: n. m. | sa, ch |
| h) Expected development of pain | Stiefel et al. [25] c | +(main score) | DV: n. m. | DV: n. m. | ch |
| 5. Medical aspects | Hazard et al. [4] b | +(b) | DV: n. m. | DV: n. m. | a |
| a) Diagnosis | Neubauer et al. [15] c | DV: n. m. | DV: n. m. | +(c) | a, sa, ch |
| b) Medical history: Premorbidity, Polymorbidity (psychological and physical) | Scerri et al. [19] a,b,c | +(main score) | DV: n. m. | DV: n. m. | sa, ch |
| c) Treatment | Stiefel et al. [25] a,b,c | +(main score) | DV: n. m. | DV: n. m. | ch |
| 6. Depression | Grotle et al. [3] | + | + | + | a, ch |
| Hurley et al. [6] | +(main score) | +(main score) | +(main score) | - | |
| Linton and Boersma [11] | - | - | - | a, sa | |
| Linton and Halldén [12] | - | DV: n. m. | DV: n. m. | a, sa | |
| Neubauer et al. [15] | DV: n. m. | DV: n. m. | + | a, sa, ch | |
| 7. Negative psychological states: | Grotle et al. [3] | - | + | - | a, ch |
| Anxiety, stress, threats, worries, helplessness | Hurley et al. [6] | +(main score) | +(main score) | +(main score) | - |
| Linton and Boersma [11] | - | - | - | a, sa | |
| Linton and Halldén [12] | + | DV: n. m. | DV: n. m. | a, sa | |
| Neubauer et al. [15] | DV: n. m. | DV: n. m. | + | a, sa, ch | |
| Reis et al. [18] | - | +(main score) | +(main score) | - | |
| Scerri et al. [19] | +(main score) | DV: n. m. | DV: n. m. | sa, ch | |
| Stiefel et al. [25] | +(main score) | DV: n. m. | DV: n. m. | ch | |
| 8. Coping strategies/reaction to pain: | Grotle et al. [3] | - | - | - | a, ch |
| Coping with pain, catastrophizing, coping resources, guarding, resting, asking for assistance, exercise, relaxation, task persistence, coping self-statement, seeking social support | Hurley et al. [6] | +(main score) | +(main score) | +(main score) | - |
| Linton and Boersma [11] | - | - | - | a, sa | |
| Linton and Halldén [12] | - | DV: n. m. | DV: n. m. | - | |
| Neubauer et al. [15] | DV: n. m. | DV: n. m. | + | a, sa, ch | |
| Reis et al. [18] | - | +(main score) | +(main score) | - | |
| Truchon and Côté [26] | + | + | + | sa | |
| Scerri et al. [19] | +(main score) | DV: n. m. | DV: n. m. | sa, ch | |
| Stiefel et al. [25] | +(main score) | DV: n. m. | DV: n. m. | ch | |
| 9. Fear-avoidance beliefs | Grotle et al. [3] a,b | - | - | - | a, ch |
| a) About work | Hurley et al. [6] a,b, | +(main score) | +(main score) | +(main score) | - |
| b) About physical activity | Linton and Boersma [11] a,b | - | - | - | a, sa |
| Linton and Halldén [12] a,b | +(a) | DV: n. m. | DV: n. m. | a, sa | |
| Pfingsten [16] a,b | +(a) | DV: n. m. | DV: n. m. | ch | |
| Staerkle et al. [21] a,b | +(ab) | +(ab) | DV: n. m. | sa, ch | |
| Waddell et al. [29] a,b | +(a) | +(ab) | DV: n. m. | ch | |
| 10. Emotional and social support system/psychosocial aspects | Hazard et al. [4] | + | DV: n. m. | DV: n. m. | a |
| Scerri et al. [19] | +(main score) | DV: n. m. | DV: n. m. | sa, ch | |
| Stiefel et al. [25] | +(main score) | DV: n. m. | DV: n. m. | ch | |
| Truchon and Côté [26] | - | + | + | sa | |
DV dependent variable, DV n. m. dependent variable not measured, a acute (≤6 weeks), sa subacute (>6 weeks and ≤12 weeks), ch chronic (>12 weeks), + structure is effective (when an additional letter is given in brackets only this part of the structure is effective), +(main score) main score of screening instrument—including this structure—is effective, - construct or measured part of construct is not effective
If the complete structure is not included in the screening instrument, letters behind the authors’ names show which part of the construct is measured. Non-effective items listed here are not mentioned in the results chapter