Table 1.
Summary of the patients' demographics and the main findings of this study
| Chest AIS 1 | Chest AIS 2 | Chest AIS 3 | Chest AIS 4 | Chest AIS 5 | Chest AIS 6 | TOTAL | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of patients | 51 | 234 | 492 | 261 | 121 | 5 | 1,164 |
| Gender (M/F) | 38/13 | 133/101 | 370/122 | 188/73 | 105/16 | 4/1 | 838/326 |
| Age (y) | 43.3 | 47.3 | 37.8 | 42.1 | 37.5 | 21.6 | 40.8 |
| ISS (mean ± SD) | 15.7 ± 8.8 | 11.3 ± 8.3 | 21 ± 11.7 | 30.4 ± 13 | 39.3 ± 11.8 | 75 ± 0 | 26.7 |
| Admission pulse | 86 | 89.7 | 94.7 | 88.7 | 88.1 | 24 | |
| Admission blood pressure | 134.3 | 137 | 128.1 | 116.4 | 102.9 | 20 | |
| Admission GCS | 10.8 | 13.6 | 10.9 | 9.9 | 9.2 | 4.4 | |
| Blood transfused in A&E | 0.45 | 0.1 | 0.36 | 1 | 1.75 | 2.6 | |
| No. receiving transfusion (%) | 6 (11.8) | 12 (5.1) | 50 (10.2) | 56 (21.5) | 35 (30) | 3 (60) | |
| Mean no. of chest injuries | 1.04 | 1.17 | 1.4 | 1.93 | 2.6 | 3.2 | 1.6 |
| No. with head injury (%) | 26 (50.1) | 44 (18.8) | 171 (34.8) | 102 (39.1) | 51 (42.1) | 2 (40) | 397 (34.1) |
| Head AIS (mean) | 3.6 | 3.7 | 3.8 | 3.8 | 3.4 | 4 | 3.7 |
| No. with extremity injury (%) | 37 (72) | 109 (46.6) | 236 (48) | 164 (62.8) | 71 (58.7) | 4 (80) | 621 (53.4) |
| Extremity AIS (mean) | 2.7 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.7 |
| No. with ABDO injury (%) | 12 (23.5) | 49 (20.9) | 119 (45.6) | 83 (31) | 55 (45) | 3 (60) | 321 (27.6) |
| ABDO AIS (mean) | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.9 | 3 | 3 | 2.3 | 2.8 |
| ARDS | 0 | 3 (2) | 6 (3) | 10 (4) | 3 (1) | 0 | 22 (10) |
| Pneumonia | 0 | 4 | 6 | 4 | 5 | 0 | 19 |
| MOF | 0 | 0 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 5 |
| Renal failure | 0 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 13 |
| Operations on chest injury | 0 | 10 | 32 | 28 | 39 | 2 | 111 |
| % taken to theatre from A&E | N/A | 0 | 28.1 | 39.3 | 43.6 | 100 | |
| Mortality in the operated patients | N/A | 0 | 3.1 | 17.9 | 38.5 | 100 | 20.7 |
| Mortality in those operated as an emergency | N/A | 0 | 11.11 | 45.5 | 47.1 | 100 | |
| No. admitted to ICU | 13 | 43 | 211 | 115 | 55 | 0 | 437 |
| % admitted to ICU | 25 | 18 | 42.9 | 44 | 45.5 | 0 | 37.5 |
| Mean ICU stay | 4.5 | 4 | 5.3 | 6.3 | 6.1 | 0 | 5.5 |
| Hospital stay | 12.6 | 14.6 | 19.9 | 17.1 | 16.7 | 0 | 17.5 |
| No. deaths | 8 | 12 | 74 | 76 | 43 | 5 | 218 |
| % mortality | 16% | 5.10% | 15.04% | 29.12% | 35.54% | 100% | 18.72% |
| Timing of deaths (days) | 2.5 | 10.25 | 8.7 | 5.2 | 4.4 | 1 | |
| No. (%) admitted to ICU | 6 (75) | 3 (25) | 42 ( 56.8) | 33 (43.4) | 15 (34.9) | 0 (0) | 99 |
| Length of ICU stay | 3.2 | 3 | 4.7 | 5.4 | 3.5 | 0 |
GCS Glasgow Coma Score, A&E Accident and Emergency, ABDO abdominal, AIS Abbreviated Injury Severity, MOF multi-organ failure, ICU intensive care unit, N/A not applicable