Fig. 1.

Positions of the thermo luminescent dosimeters (TLDs) exposed to radiation during fluoroscopy. The TLDs were secured to the operating surgeon’s forehead, the thyroid gland under and above the lead collar, on the second finger under the gloves, and on the third finger above the lead gloves in a standardised manner. Furthermore, a personal TLD was carried at the waist under the lead apron. Background radiation was monitored with a background TLD. The exact same lead apron and collar were used during all operations