Table 6.
Comparison of malposition and revision rates of pedicle screws
| Study | Method of screw placement | Patients (n) | Pedicle screws (n) | Vertebral region | Rate of pedicle cortex perforation (%) | Revision rate of screws (%) | Revision rate of patients (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zdichavsky [32] | Image intensifier | 43 | 278 | T1–T10 | 15.5 | 5.0 | 14 |
| Bransford [6] | Image intensifier | 245 | 1,533 | T1–T10 | No data | 0.3 | 1.2 |
| Laine [13] | Image intensifier | 30 | 152 | L2–S1 | 21 | 0.7 | 3.3 |
| Schnake [26] | Image intensifier | 29 | 123 | T1–T10 | 31.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Schnake [26] | CT navigation | 56 | 211 | T1–T10 | 17.5 | 0.5 | 1.8 |
| Arand | 2D navigation | 29 | 111 | T4–L5 | 40.5 | No data | No data |
| Schizas [25] | Free-hand technique | 13 | 60 | T1–T6 | 11.7 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Lekovic [14] | 3D navigation | 12 | 94 | T1–T12 | 19.1 | 3.3 | No data |
| Lekovic [14] | 2D navigation | 25 | 183 | T1–T12 | 17.5 | 1.1 | No data |
| Modi [19] | Free-hand technique | 37 | 1,009 | T1–S1 | 27 | 6.7 | No data |
| Present study | 3D Fluoroscopy controlled | 95 | 414 | T2–L5 | 22 | 0.5/0.25 | 2.0/1.0 |