Table 3.
Mean, SD and mean differences in the pharyngeal/hyoid variables taken from Roentgen-cephalograms registered in the standardized upright posture (SUP) and during a singing task (ST) in professional opera students (n = 18)
| Pharyngeal/hyoid variables | SUP | ST | Mean differences (ST-SUP) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Range | |
| PPW2–APW2 (mm) | 11.97 | 3.38 | 12.74 | 3.46 | 0.82 | 3. 3.47 | −9.00, 6.00 |
| PPW3–APW3 (mm) | 16.24 | 4.21 | 22.10 | 5.64 | 5.97** | 5.99 | −5.00, 16.00 |
| HY/VERT (mm) | 11.05 | 1.08 | 11.74 | 0.86 | 0.64** | 0.69 | −0.20, 2.50 |
| HY/AP (mm) | 11.26 | 7.54 | 15.00 | 9.10 | 3.74* | 5.69 | −6.00, 14.00 |
| HT/NSL(°) | 37.62 | 8.49 | 47.31 | 10.20 | 9.70** | 9.11 | −10.00, 23.55 |
* P = 0.01, ** P < 0.001