Table 1.
Distribution of Demographic, Behavioral, and Coronary Risk Factors in Dizygotic and Monozygotic Twinsa
| Risk Factor | Discordant Twin Pairs (n=53 Pairs) |
Control Twin Pairs (n=183 Pairs) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Twin Without MDD | Twin With MDD | ||
| Demographic Factors | |||
| Age, y | 53.7 (2.9) | 53.7 (2.9) | 54.8 (2.8) |
| Greater than high school education | 35.8 | 20.7 | 33.3 |
| Married | 83.0 | 66.0 | 82.5 |
|
| |||
| Medical History and Risk Factors | |||
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 127 (17) | 126 (14) | 132 (15) |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 79.9 (10.3) | 79.3 (9.0) | 81.9 (11.1) |
| LDL-C, mg/dL | 123 (33) | 126 (33) | 123 (32) |
| HDL-C, mg/dL | 38.5 (8.2) | 36.8 (9.5) | 38.6 (9.2) |
| Diabetes | 11.5 | 13.2 | 6.0 |
| BMI | 29.3 (4.4) | 28.9 (4.5) | 29.2 (4.6) |
| Current smoker | 17.0 | 34.0 | 17.5 |
| Framingham risk score | 5.3 (2.5) | 5.8 (2.1) | 5.9 (2.1) |
| Baecke physical activity score30 | 7.5 (1.8) | 7.3 (2.2) | 7.4 (1.6) |
| Alcoholic beverages consumed in a typical week | 4.0 (6.0) | 5.1 (8.3) | 4.8 (8.0) |
| Prior coronary heart disease | 9.4 | 9.4 | 8.2 |
| Lifetime history of PTSD | 5.7 | 11.3 | 4.9 |
| Lifetime history of alcohol abuse or dependence | 41.5 | 49.1 | 41.0 |
| Lifetime history of drug abuse or dependence | 15.1 | 20.7 | 16.4 |
| BDI-II score26 | 3.8 (4.4) | 8.2 (9.2) | 3.9 (5.2) |
|
| |||
| Medications Taken | |||
| Antidepressants | 7.5 | 34.0 | 9.8 |
| ACE inhibitors | 18.9 | 9.4 | 10.9 |
| Statins | 37.7 | 28.3 | 20.2 |
| β-Blockers | 9.4 | 13.2 | 6.0 |
| Aspirin | 20.7 | 18.9 | 25.1 |
Abbreviations: ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MDD, major depressive disorder; PTSD, posttraumatic stress disorder.
SI conversion factor: To convert HDL-C and LDL-C to millimoles per liter, multiply by 0.0259.
a
All data are reported as either mean (SD) values or percentages of subjects.