Table 6.

Summary of clinical literatures on autologous platelet concentrate for spinal fusion

Ref.	Description of study
Lumbar spine
Hee et al. [40]	A prospective study of AGF in instrumented transforaminal lumbar interbody spinal fusion
Lowery et al. [57]	Retrospective case series using autologous growth factor concentrate in lumbar posterolateral spinal fusion
Weiner et al. [103]	Retrospective review of an autograft alone and an autograft with AGF in posterolateral spinal fusion
Carreon et al. [23]	Retrospective review of platelet gel in instrumented posterolateral spinal fusion

Ref.	Evidence level	Conclusion
Lumbar spine
Hee et al. [40]	II	The use of AGF in TLIF procedures did not increase the overall fusion rates; however, it might promote a faster rate of fusion
Lowery et al. [57]	IV	AGF may enhance the formation of new bone in lumbar spinal fusion when used in combination with autografts
Weiner et al. [103]	III	The use of AGF resulted in inferior rates of fusion compared with those of autograft alone
Carreon et al. [23]	III	Platelet gel failed to enhance the fusion rate when added to autograft