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. 2009 Sep 12;19(4):613–623. doi: 10.1007/s00586-009-1151-1

Table 7.

Psychological and sociodemographic factors accounting for various domains of psychosocial functioning—summary

Distress in interpersonal context Limitations in everyday functioning Acceptance of life with the disease Depressive complaints Sense of being disabled
Cognitive appraisals of the disease Obstacle ↑ Obstacle ↑ Obstacle ↓ Obstacle ↑ Obstacle ↑
Harm ↑ Threat ↑ Challenge ↑ Profit ↑ Harm ↑
Importance ↑ Importance ↑
Social support Deprivation of support ↑ Deprivation of support ↑
Coping styles Avoidance coping ↑ Avoidance coping ↑ Problem focused coping ↑ Avoidance coping ↑
Personality traits Agreeableness ↓ Conscientiousness ↑
Sociodemographic variables Age↑
Education level ↓
Pain severity Pain ↑ (trend)

↑ Indicates an increase in the independent variable is accompanied by an increase in the dependent variable

↓ Indicates an increase in the independent variable is accompanied by a decrease in the dependent variable