Functional complementation of S. cerevisiae knockout mutants using the genes identified from G. intraradices. M, The knockout mutant expressing the empty vector; M:GiXXX, the knockout mutant expressing the GiXXX gene; WT, the wild type. A, GiGS1 and GiGS2. Left, Growth of colonies on rich medium plus 2% Gln; right, medium without Gln. B, GiASS. Left, Minimal medium plus all essential amino acids including 0.01% l-Arg; right, minimal medium with all essential amino acids excluding l-Arg. In A and B, 5 μL of cells was used for spreading on the plate. The optical density at 600 nm values for the cells are 1, 0.1, 0.01, 0.001, and 0.0001 from the left to the right columns. C, GiCAR1. Left, Minimal medium with all essential amino acids including 0.01% l-Arg; right, medium with 0.01% l-Arg as the sole N source. D, GiOAT1. Left, Medium with all essential amino acids; right, medium with only 0.01% Orn and Leu as N sources. E, GiODC. Left, Medium with 0.001% Leu, His, Lys, and putrescine as N sources; right, medium with 0.001% Leu, His, and Lys as N sources.