Table 1.

Sagittal parameters for adult volunteers and patients with lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LSCS)

	Adult volunteers	Age-adjusted standard values to adult volunteers	Patients with LSCS
n	26		22
Age (years)	32.7 ± 8.3		62.0 ± 15.4
SVA (mm)	2.3 ± 18.6	6.1 ± 24.1a	32.8 ± 41.5
		14 ± 19b
LLA (°)	46.8 ± 11.5	44.3 ± 12.5a	26.2 ± 10.9
PA (°)	17.9 ± 5.8	19.4°c	26.3 ± 9.8
PRS1 (°)	37.1 ± 9.9	35.5°c	34.6 ± 8.9
PT (°)	11.3 ± 9.4	10.8 ± 5.5d	21.0 ± 9.8
PI (°)	46.3 ± 11.1	46.7 ± 8.7d	49.7 ± 10.4

Values are expressed as mean ± SD

^aMatsuoka et al. [16] (in clasped position)

^bAota et al. [1] (in relaxed position with arms-at-side)

^cOchiai et al. [17]

^dKanemura et al. [12]