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. 2010 Mar 5;19(5):774–781. doi: 10.1007/s00586-010-1340-y

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

Four manual methods for measuring axial vertebral rotation (AVR). Specific anatomical landmarks: A vertebral centroid, B posterior junction of the two laminae of the vertebral arch, C1/C2 junction of the left/right lamina with the left/right pedicle, D tip of the spinous process, E1/E2 most posterior point of the left/right pedicle