Official websites use .gov
A
.gov website belongs to an official
government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you've safely
connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.
Transepidermal water loss (TEWL), as measured using a Delfin VapoMeter® (Delfin Technologies Ltd, Kuopio, Finland) by application of the device for 15 s to nonmicroorganism-loaded porcine skin immediately following removal of an inserted hypodermic needle (a), immediately following removal of a microneedle array that was left in place for 24 h following puncture (b) and immediately following removal of a microneedle array that was removed immediately following puncture (c).
