Effect of LacNAc-BSA on transcription of LEE operons in A) E2348/69, B), UMD916 C) and UMD916 (pMSD217). Transcription was monitored by the production of light in the three strains, which harboured the plasmids pRMHlux1 to pRMHlux5, and the data represent results obtained following 30 minutes of incubation in the presence of LacNAc-BSA. Luminescence (cps/OD600nm) data are presented here relative to bacteria exposed to underivitized BSA. **p < 0.001, *p < 0.01 relative to underivatized BSA. Each bar represents the mean of three independent experiments and the error bars are standard deviations from the means.