| Serum cholesterol level |
Intelligence |
Correlation |
(Atzmon et al., 2002; Muldoon et al., 1997; Reitan and Shipley, 1963; van Exel et al., 2002; Yaffe et al., 2002) |
| Elevated serum cholesterol |
Cognitive function |
Correlation |
(Elias et al., 2005; Panza et al., 2006) |
|
Dementia |
Increase |
(Solomon et al., 2009b; Whitmer et al., 2005) |
|
Alzheimer’s disease |
Increase |
(Canevari and Clark, 2007; Evans et al., 2000;
Hartmann, 2001; Jarvik et al., 1995; Ledesma and Dotti, 2006; Lesser et al., 2009; Notkola et al., 1998;
Simons et al., 2001; Sjogren et al., 2006; Stewart et al., 2001) |
|
Cognitive decline |
Decrease |
(Mielke et al., 2005; Panza et al., 2006; van den Kommer et al., 2009; West et al., 2008) |
Decreased serum cholesterol
(Statin therapy) |
Alzheimer’s disease |
No change |
(Arvanitakis et al., 2008; Carlsson et al., 2009;
Feldman et al., 2010) |
|
|
Decrease |
(Masse et al., 2005; Sparks et al., 2008) |
|
Dementia |
Decrease |
(Jick et al., 2000) |
|
Cognition |
Increase |
(Carlsson et al., 2008; Solomon et al., 2009a) |
|
|
Decrease |
(Evans and Golomb, 2009) |
|
|
No change |
(Muldoon et al., 2000) |
| Apolipoprotein E (ApoE4) |
Alzheimer’s disease |
Increase |
(Brouwers et al., 2008; Chen et al., 2002; Deary et al., 2002; Mayeux et al., 2001; Poirier, 2005; Sparks, 1997) |
|
Cognition |
Decrease |
(Deary et al., 2002; Dik et al., 2001; Flory et al., 2000;
Juva et al., 2000; Liu et al., 2008; Mayeux et al., 2001;
Wilson et al., 2002) |
|
|
No change |
(Kim et al., 2002; Salo et al., 2002; Small et al., 2000) |
| Apolipoprotein E (ApoE3) |
|
Increase |
(Martins et al., 2009) |
| ATP Binding cassette – ABCA1 |
Alzheimer’s disease |
Correlation |
(Akram et al., 2010; Reynolds et al., 2009) |
| – ABCG1 |
Alzheimer’s disease |
Correlation |
(Wollmer et al., 2007) |
Low-density Lipoprotein Receptors
(Gene polymorphism) |
Alzheimer’sdisease |
No association |
(Bahia et al., 2008; Bertram et al., 2007; Rodriguez et al., 2006; Sagare et al., 2007) |
|
Alzheimer’s disease |
Association |
(Zhou et al., 2008) |
|
Cognition |
No association |
(Reynolds et al., 2006) |
Cholesterol metabolites
(24S-hydroxycholesterol) |
Alzheimer’s disease |
Increase (in brain) |
(Papassotiropoulos et al., 2002) |
|
Dementia |
Decrease (in plasma) |
(Kolsch et al., 2004) |
| (27-hydroxycholesterol) |
Alzheimer’s disease |
Increase (in brain) |
(Heverin et al., 2005) |
Cholesterol metabolites
(Gene polymorphism) |
Alzheimer’s disease |
Association |
(Fernandez del Pozo et al., 2006; Papassotiropoulos et al., 2005) |
|
Dementia |
Association |
(Fu et al., 2009) |
