Table 1.
Association between AMD risk factors and circulatory parameters: Univariate analysis.
| Risk Factors | Number and distribution (%) of study patients or eyes | ChBVol | ChBVel | ChBFlow | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean(SE) a | P-value | Mean(SE)a | P-value | Mean(SE)a | P-value | ||
| Age (years) | 0.03 | 0.91 | 0.002 | ||||
| 50–60 | 22 (10.8) | 0.29 (0.02) | 0.39 (0.02) | 9.58 (0.76) | |||
| 61–70 | 63 (30.9) | 0.24 (0.01) | 0.38 (0.01) | 7.65 (0.44) | |||
| 71–80 | 86 (42.2) | 0.21 (0.01) | 0.38 (0.01) | 6.90 (0.28) | |||
| 80 + | 33 (16.2) | 0.21 (0.01) | 0.38 (0.01) | 6.30 (0.38) | |||
| Gender | 0.40 | 0.45 | 0.87 | ||||
| Male | 90 (44.1) | 0.23 (0.01) | 0.38 (0.01) | 7.33 (0.29) | |||
| Female | 114 (55.9) | 0.24 (0.01) | 0.38 (0.01) | 7.40 (0.33) | |||
| Eye color | 0.51 | 0.43 | 0.80 | ||||
| Blue | 65 (31.9) | 0.22 (0.01) | 0.39 (0.01) | 7.01 (0.28) | |||
| Brown | 71 (34.8) | 0.24 (0.01) | 0.37 (0.01) | 7.55 (0.39) | |||
| Hazel | 41 (20.1) | 0.23 (0.02) | 0.38 (0.03) | 7.54 (0.53) | |||
| Green | 20 (9.8) | 0.24 (0.02) | 0.38 (0.01) | 7.30 (0.69) | |||
| Gray/Unknown | 7 (3.4) | 0.24 (0.05) | 0.37 (0.02) | 7.96 (1.88) | |||
| Current smoking | 0.08 | 0.11 | 0.39 | ||||
| No | 191 (93.6) | 0.23 (0.01) | 0.38 (0.01) | 7.32 (0.23) | |||
| Yes | 13 (6.4) | 0.27 (0.02) | 0.36 (0.01) | 7.97 (0.69) | |||
| Systemic Hypertension | 0.009 | 0.48 | 0.005 | ||||
| No | 112 (54.9) | 0.25 (0.01) | 0.38 (0.01) | 7.86 (0.31) | |||
| Yes | 91 (44.6) | 0.21 (0.01) | 0.38 (0.01) | 6.67 (0.27) | |||
| Cardiac disease | 0.80 | 0.55 | 0.44 | ||||
| No | 78 (38.2) | 0.23 (0.01) | 0.38 (0.01) | 7.56 (0.34) | |||
| Yes | 126 (61.8) | 0.23 (0.01) | 0.38 (0.01) | 7.23 (0.28) | |||
| Kidney disease | 0.09 | 0.41 | 0.15 | ||||
| No | 186 (91.2) | 0.24 (0.01) | 0.38 (0.01) | 7.44 (0.23) | |||
| Yes | 18 (8.8) | 0.20 (0.02) | 0.39 (0.01) | 6.58 (0.52) | |||
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | −0.0002 (0.0003) | 0.53 | 0.0005 (0.0002) | 0.047 | 0.003 (0.01) | 0.77 | |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | −0.0001 (0.0005) | 0.84 | 0.0014 (0.0004) | 0.001 | 0.02 (0.02) | 0.16 | |
| Mean BP (mmHg) | −0.0002 (0.0004) | 0.65 | 0.0008 (0.0004) | 0.04 | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.31 | |
| RPE Hypertrophy | 0.02 | 0.62 | 0.03 | ||||
| No | 112 (41.6) | 0.25 (0.01) | 0.38 (0.01) | 7.98 (0.39) | |||
| Yes | 157 (58.4) | 0.22 (0.01) | 0.39 (0.01) | 6.91 (0.29) | |||
| Mean (SD) of risk factor | |||||||
| Systolic BP (mmHg) (as continuous) | 136 (21.6) | −0.0002 (0.0003) | 0.53 | 0.0005 (0.0002) | 0.047 | 0.003 (0.01) | 0.77 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) (as continuous) | 74 (12.2) | −0.0001 (0.0005) | 0.84 | 0.0014 (0.0004) | 0.001 | 0.02 (0.02) | 0.16 |
| Mean BP (mmHg) (as continous) | 95 (14.0) | −0.0002 (0.0004) | 0.65 | 0.0008 (0.0004) | 0.04 | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.31 |
| Spherical equivalent (D) (as continuous) | 0.51 (2.06) | −0.007 (0.003) | 0.04 | −0.004 (0.003) | 0.16 | −0.31 (0.11) | 0.006 |
a
ChBVol, ChBVel and ChBFlow are shown in arbitrary units (A.U.).