Table 2.
Odds ratios for basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma with human papillomavirus (HPV) antibody positivity
| HPV serology results | Control—No (%) (n=805) | Basal cell carcinoma (n=898) | Squamous cell carcinoma (n=663) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No (%) | Adjusted odds ratio* (95% CI) | No (%) | Adjusted odds ratio* (95% CI) | |||
| β HPV seronegative | 436 (54.2) | 502 (55.9) | 1.00 (referent) | 311 (46.9) | 1.00 (referent) | |
| β HPV seropositive | 369 (45.8) | 396 (44.1) | 0.97 (0.80 to 1.19) | 352 (53.1) | 1.30 (1.04 to 1.61) | |
| No of β HPV types positive: | ||||||
| 1 | 155 (19.3) | 180 (20.0) | 1.03 (0.79 to 1.33) | 118 (17.8) | 0.99 (0.74 to 1.33) | |
| 2-3 | 93 (11.6) | 98 (10.9) | 0.97 (0.70 to 1.34) | 101 (15.2) | 1.44 (1.03 to 2.01) | |
| 4-8 | 71 (8.8) | 71 (7.9) | 0.92 (0.63 to 1.33) | 73 (11.0) | 1.51 (1.03 to 2.20) | |
| >8 | 50 (6.2) | 47 (5.2) | 0.90 (0.58 to 1.38) | 60 (9.1) | 1.71 (1.12 to 2.62) | |
| P for trend (categorical)=0.54; P for trend (continuous)=0.55 | P for trend (categorical)<0.001; P for trend (continuous)=0.003 | |||||
| Specific β HPV types | ||||||
| Any β1 | 192 (23.9) | 198 (22.0) | 0.95 (0.74 to 1.22) | 212 (32.0) | 1.52 (1.18 to 1.96) | |
| 5L1 | 41 (5.1) | 42 (4.7) | 1.03 (0.65 to 1.64) | 43 (6.5) | 1.45 (0.90 to 2.34) | |
| 8L1 | 123 (15.3) | 120 (13.4) | 0.91 (0.68 to 1.23) | 127 (19.2) | 1.45 (1.08 to 1.97) | |
| 20L1 | 122 (15.2) | 113 (12.6) | 0.83 (0.61 to 1.12) | 131 (19.8) | 1.45 (1.08 to 1.96) | |
| 24L1 | 81 (10.1) | 75 (8.4) | 0.92 (0.64 to 1.31) | 84 (12.7) | 1.53 (1.07 to 2.18) | |
| 36L1 | 58 (7.2) | 55 (6.1) | 0.89 (0.59 to 1.33) | 59 (8.9) | 1.49 (0.99 to 2.25) | |
| Any β2 | 265 (32.9) | 283 (31.5) | 0.97 (0.77 to 1.21) | 261 (39.4) | 1.34 (1.06 to 1.7) | |
| 9L1 | 113 (14.0) | 114 (12.7) | 0.96 (0.70 to 1.3) | 116 (17.5) | 1.41 (1.03 to 1.92) | |
| 15L1 | 134 (16.6) | 140 (15.6) | 0.95 (0.72 to 1.27) | 146 (22.0) | 1.49 (1.11 to 1.99) | |
| 17L1 | 132 (16.4) | 153 (17.0) | 1.09 (0.82 to 1.43) | 134 (20.2) | 1.37 (1.02 to 1.83) | |
| 23L1 | 39 (4.8) | 43 (4.8) | 1.03 (0.65 to 1.65) | 49 (7.4) | 1.57 (0.98 to 2.52) | |
| 38L1 | 97 (12.0) | 94 (10.5) | 0.91 (0.66 to 1.26) | 124 (18.7) | 1.74 (1.27 to 2.4) | |
| 107L1 | 80 (9.9) | 66 (7.3) | 0.78 (0.54 to 1.13) | 75 (11.3) | 1.40 (0.97 to 2.02) | |
| Any β3 | 136 (16.9) | 138 (15.4) | 0.97 (0.73 to 1.29) | 130 (19.6) | 1.41 (1.05 to 1.89) | |
| 49L1 | 115 (14.3) | 115 (12.8) | 0.96 (0.71 to 1.3) | 114 (17.2) | 1.47 (1.07 to 2.00) | |
| 75L1 | 74 (9.2) | 78 (8.7) | 1.02 (0.71 to 1.46) | 81 (12.2) | 1.68 (1.16 to 2.43) | |
| 76L1 | 45 (5.6) | 44 (4.9) | 0.95 (0.60 to 1.5) | 50 (7.5) | 1.74 (1.11 to 2.73) | |
| β4 (92L1) | 54 (6.7) | 60 (6.7) | 1.05 (0.70 to 1.58) | 72 (10.9) | 1.91 (1.28 to 2.86) | |
| β5 (96L1) | 67 (8.3) | 73 (8.1) | 1.03 (0.71 to 1.49) | 88 (13.3) | 2.03 (1.40 to 2.93) | |
*Adjusted for age, sex, level of education, cigarette smoking status one year before reference date (for squamous cell carcinoma only), skin sensitivity as measured by skin reaction after one hour of sun exposure first time in summer, and number of lifetime painful sunburns.