Table 1.

Prospective data on the metabolic changes caused by ADT

End Points	Observations	Comment
Body composition:
Wt gain	Gain ~2% in 12 mos15,17,56	Prospective lifestyle intervention to prevent wt gain is ongoing
Fat body mass	Gain 4%–8% in 3 mos,19,20 gain ~10% in 12 mos15,17,18	Subcutaneous abdominal fat area increases while intra- abdominal fat remains unchanged15,18
Lean body mass	Lose ~3% in first 3–12 mos15,17,18,20	Loss of lean body mass with concurrent fat gain described as sarcopenic obesity
Serum lipids:
Total cholesterol	Increases 7%–10% in first 3–12 mos of therapy15,24,25
Triglycerides	Increases 26% in first 3–6 mos of therapy15,25
HDL	Increases 8%–20% in 3–12 mos of therapy15,24,25	HDL decreased ~5% in 12 mos in 1 study57
LDL	No change in 3–6 mos24,25	Increase of 7% in first 3 mos in 1 study15
Insulin sensitivity:
Fasting insulin	Increases 26%–65% in first 12 wks20,21,24	Serum glucose does not change significantly in first 3 mos24
Insulin sensitivity index	Decreases ~13% in 12 wks19,21	Calculated from OGTT