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(A) Flux of nicotine through CNT membrane with/without applying a -300 mV bias. The ratio of -300 mV to 0 mV nicotine flux is 5.5. Donor solution is a pH8 220 mM (35 mg/mL) nicotine aqueous solution; (B) schematic for switchable transdermal drug delivery (skin/gel/CNT membrane). Active area of CNT membrane is 0.07 cm2.
