Figure 3.

Analysis of flinching behaviour in Phase I (0-5 min): Groups of rats, which had received verapamil and diltiazem showed significantly higher number of flinches in comparison to morphine (■). Co-administration of L-CCBs + morphine did not show any beneficial effect with reference to the morphine treated group. In fact, diltiazem + morphine showed significantly higher flinches than morphine alone (*). Values are shown as mean ± S.E.M. Statistical evaluation was done by ANOVA. Significance was set at P<0.05.