Table 3.

Recommendations for trace elements in parenteral solutions

Trace element	Recommended daily intake	Effects of deficiency
Zinc	2 – 4 mg/L (12 – 18 mg/L in small bowel / rectal losses)	Dermatitis, alopecia, impaired wound healing, impaired immune function, gonadal atrophy
Copper	300 – 450 µg	Anaemia, demineralization of bone
Iron	0.5 – 1.5 mg	Anaemia
Chromium	10 – 15 µg	Glucose intolerance, peripheral neuropathy, hyperlipidemia
Manganese	2 – 5 mg	Bleeding disorders, impaired wound healing
Selenium	50 – 100 µg	Cardiomyopathy, myositis, arthritis, hair and nail changes
Molybdenum	10 – 50 µg	Amino acid intolerance