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Serious Complications of Brachytherapy. (A) Superficial urethral necrosis visualized on cystoscopy. Patients who undergo a transurethral resection of the prostate before treatment or to relieve treatment-induced retention are at increased risk. (B) Rectal fistula seen on colonoscopy. Combination external beam radiation therapy and interstitial brachytherapy; inflammatory bowel disease and severe vascular disease increase the risk of this rare complication.
