Table 1.
Commonly Prescribed Medications Associated with Hyponatremia and Hypernatremia in the Elderly*
| Hyponatremia | Mechanism |
|---|---|
| Prostaglandin-synthesis inhibitors | Impair water excretion |
| Phenothiazines | Release of ADH |
| Tricyclics | Release of ADH |
| Serotonin-reuptake inhibitors | Release of ADH or Potentiates renal ADH effect |
| Opiate derivatives | Release of ADH |
| Carbamazepine | Release of ADH |
| Cyclophosphamide | Potentiates renal ADH effect |
| Thiazides | Na loss, decrease distal fluid delivery, ADH release |
| Desmopressin | V2R agonist |
| Hypernatremia | |
| Lithium | Decrease AQP-2 |
| Vasopressin V2 receptor antagonists | Decrease cAMP |
| Loop diuretics | Decrease diluting capacity |
| Mannitol | Osmotic diuresis |