Table 2.

Helicobacter pylori colonization and associated factors

	Number	HP positive	Unadjusted OR	Adjusted1 OR	p-value2
	N	n (%)	(95%-CI)	(95%-CI)
Age groups
0 - < 1 year	87	25 (28.7)	1	1
1 - < 12 years	340	164 (48.2)	2.3 (1.4-3. 9)*	2.4 (1.4-4.1) *	0.002
Sex
Female	216	84 (38.9)	1	1
Male	211	105 (49.8)	1.6 (1.1-2.3)*	1.6 (1.1-2.4) *	0.02
Type of housing
Permanent house	182	70 (38.5)	1	1
Semi-permanent house	245	119 (48.6)	1.5 (1.0-2.2) *	1.8 (1.2-2-7) *	0.02
Number of people in same household
2 - 4	143	55 (38.5)	1
≥ 5	284	134 (47.2)	1.4 (0.95-2.2)	-	0.39
Education level of mother/female caretaker
Completed secondary school or higher level	84	32 (38.1)	1
Not completed secondary school	343	157 (45.8)	1.4 (0.8-2.2)	-	0.32
Drinking water
Unprotected sources	43	17 (39.5)	1
Public tap	384	172 (44.8)	1.24 (0.7-2.4)	-	0.67
Using pit latrine
Yes	412	182 (44.2)	1
No	15	7 (46.7)	1.1 (0.4-3.1)	-	0.94
Sharing toilet with other families
Yes	401	170 (42.4)	1	1
No	26	19 (73.1)	3.7 (1.5-9.0)*	3.7 (1.5-9.3) *	0.006
Wealth index
Poor	142	61 (43.0)	1
Poorer	142	60 (42.0)	1.2 (0.8-1.9)	-	0.64
Poorest	143	68 (47.9)	0.96 (0.6-1.5)		0.55
Taken drugs last 3 months
Yes	345	149 (43.2)	1
No	82	40 (48.8)	1.3 (0.8-2.1)	-	0.40
Taken any antibiotics last 3 months
Yes	166	65 (39.2)	1
No	261	124 (47.5)	1.4 (0.9-2.1)	-	0.38
Reporting abdominal pain more than 3 times/week
No	400	176 (44.0)	1
Yes	27	13 (48.1)	1.2 (0.5-2.6)	-	0.58

* p-value < 0.05

¹ adjusted for age, sex, type of housing, number of people in the same household, education level of the mother/female caretaker, if drugs taken the last tree months, using a pit, latrine, sharing the toilet with other families, sources of drinking water and wealth index

² p-value after adjusting for¹

N/n number

OR Odds ratio

CI Confidence Interval

HP Helicobacter pylori