Table 3.
Multivariate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) according to quintile of nitrite and nitrate intake and glioma risk
| Nitrite or nitrate intake | Quintile of intake |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | Q5 | p-trend | p-sex interaction | |
| Nitrite | |||||||
| Median intake* | 0.45 | 0.57 | 0.65 | 0.74 | 0.90 | ||
| Number of cases | 101 | 129 | 106 | 118 | 131 | ||
| Multivariate HR† | 1.00 | 1.25 | 1.03 | 1.16 | 1.32 | 0.089 | 0.32 |
| 95% CI | (ref) | 0.96–1.63 | 0.79–1.36 | 0.89–1.52 | 1.01–1.71 | ||
| Plant sources | |||||||
| Median intake* | 0.25 | 0.34 | 0.42 | 0.51 | 0.68 | ||
| Number of cases | 87 | 142 | 117 | 112 | 127 | ||
| Multivariate HR† | 1.00 | 1.62 | 1.36 | 1.35 | 1.59 | 0.028 | 0.030 |
| 95% CI | (ref) | 1.24–2.12 | 1.03–1.80 | 1.01–1.79 | 1.20–2.10 | ||
| Plant sources (males) | |||||||
| Number of cases | 59 | 113 | 84 | 77 | 86 | ||
| Multivariate HR† | 1.00 | 2.02 | 1.61 | 1.63 | 2.04 | 0.0026 | |
| 95% CI | (ref) | 1.47–2.77 | 1.15–2.25 | 1.16–2.30 | 1.46–2.87 | ||
| Plant sources (females) | |||||||
| Number of cases | 28 | 29 | 33 | 35 | 41 | ||
| Multivariate HR† | 1.00 | 0.84 | 0.84 | 0.79 | 0.84 | 0.57 | |
| 95% CI | (ref) | 0.50–1.41 | 0.51–1.40 | 0.48–1.30 | 0.51–1.36 | ||
| Animal sources | |||||||
| Median intake* | 0.10 | 0.15 | 0.20 | 0.25 | 0.36 | ||
| Number of cases | 123 | 112 | 119 | 107 | 124 | ||
| Multivariate HR† | 1.00 | 0.87 | 0.91 | 0.80 | 0.90 | 0.45 | 0.11 |
| 95% CI | (ref) | 0.68–1.13 | 0.71–1.17 | 0.62–1.04 | 0.70–1.16 | ||
| Nitrate | |||||||
| Median intake* | 19.35 | 29.92 | 40.95 | 57.40 | 94.85 | ||
| Number of cases | 98 | 114 | 135 | 126 | 112 | ||
| Multivariate HR† | 1.00 | 1.16 | 1.41 | 1.37 | 1.28 | 0.14 | 0.99 |
| 95% CI | (ref) | 0.89–1.52 | 1.09–1.84 | 1.05–1.79 | 0.97–1.70 | ||
| Plant sources | |||||||
| Median intake* | 16.56 | 27.03 | 38.01 | 54.49 | 92.06 | ||
| Number of cases | 101 | 109 | 136 | 125 | 114 | ||
| Multivariate HR† | 1.00 | 1.08 | 1.38 | 1.31 | 1.26 | 0.12 | 0.98 |
| 95% CI | (ref) | 0.82–1.41 | 1.06–1.79 | 1.01–1.71 | 0.96–1.67 | ||
| Animal sources | |||||||
| Median intake* | 1.51 | 2.17 | 2.69 | 3.28 | 4.34 | ||
| Number of cases | 119 | 125 | 121 | 105 | 115 | ||
| Multivariate HR† | 1.00 | 1.02 | 0.99 | 0.88 | 1.03 | 0.86 | 0.32 |
| 95% CI | (ref) | 0.80–1.31 | 0.77–1.28 | 0.68–1.15 | 0.79–1.33 | ||
| Nitrite plus nitrate | |||||||
| Processed meat sources | |||||||
| Median intake* | 0.11 | 0.29 | 0.49 | 0.77 | 1.43 | ||
| Number of cases | 100 | 121 | 135 | 109 | 120 | ||
| Multivariate HR† | 1.00 | 1.15 | 1.24 | 0.97 | 1.04 | 0.56 | 0.79 |
| 95% CI | (ref) | 0.88–1.50 | 0.95–1.61 | 0.74–1.28 | 0.79–1.36 | ||
*
mg/1,000 kcal per day.
†
Adjusted for sex, age (continuous), race (non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, other, and missing), energy intake (continuous), education (<high school, high school graduate, post-high school other than college, some college, college graduate, postgraduate, and missing), height (8 pre-specified categories and missing), and history of cancer at baseline (yes, no, and missing).