Table 1.
| Content Area | No. of Papers | No. With Original Data | No. With Cross-Sectional Design | No. With Outcome Levelc | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||
| Upstream | Midstream | Downstream | ||||
| Child health | 2 | 2 | 2d | 1 | 0 | 1 |
| Maternal health | 0 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| HIV/AIDS | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Drug use prevention | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Tobacco control | 21 | 19 | 14d | 2 | 4 | 15 |
| Violence control | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Environmental and disaster preparedness and biosecurity | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
| School healthe | 4 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 1 |
| Special populations | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| Worksite health | 2 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
| International health | 9 | 7 | 7d | 0 | 1 | 8 |
| Advocacy | 0 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| General policy | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Health care | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Total | 47 | 42 | 35 | 3 | 13 | 31 |
Abbreviation: NA, not applicable.
American Journal of Health Behavior, American Journal of Health Promotion, American Journal of Preventive Medicine, American Journal of Public Health, Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health, Health Education and Behavior, Health Education Research, Health Promotion International, Health Psychology, Journal of Behavioral Medicine, Journal of Public Health Management and Practice, Journal of School Health, Public Health Reports, Social Science and Medicine.
Excludes editorials, commentaries, and reviews.
Upstream interventions involve policy approaches that have the potential to affect large populations through regulation, increasing access, or economic incentives. Midstream interventions occur within organizations, such as worksites. Downstream interventions involve individual-level behavioral approaches for prevention or disease management.
Includes 1 multilevel study.
Includes studies on obesity prevention in school settings (eg, wellness policies).