TABLE 2.
Inhibition of ERK1/2 and NF-κB pathways by macrolides
| Pathway (references) | Response | Stimulator or cell type |
|---|---|---|
| ERK1/2 (105, 125, 255, 256, 257, 304) | Inhibition of mucus secretion, MUC5AC production, and MUC5AC gene expression | 3-Oxo-C12-HSL, P. aeruginosa infection, NCI-H292 cells |
| Inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine secretion (IL-8, GM-CSF) | Flagellin, NHBE cells | |
| Inhibition of cell proliferation | NHBE cells | |
| Inhibition of chemotaxis | Neutrophils | |
| NF-κB (11, 41, 54, 55, 102, 105, 124, 140, 191, 216, 279, 285) | Inhibition of mucus secretion, MUC5AC production, and MUC5AC gene expression | TNF-α, LPS, TGF-α, 3-oxo-C12-HSL, NCI-H292 cells |
| Inhibition of proinflammatory cytokine secretion (TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8) | CF cells, 16HBE cells, BET-1A cells, T cells, monocytes, fibroblasts | |
| Inhibition of MMPs | Fibroblasts | |
| Inhibition of iNOS | Macrophages |