Table 3.

Differences in Mean Costs and Blood Pressure Change From Baseline Between Interventions and Usual Care

Cost Category	Intervention, Mean Difference (95% CI), $
	Home Blood Pressure Monitoring	Behavioral Intervention	Combined Intervention
Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg*
12 months	−3.7 (−6.1 to −1.2)	−1.6 (−3.9 to 0.7)	−3.3 (−5.7 to −0.8)
24 months	−0.6 (−3.6 to 2.3)	0.6 (−2.2 to 3.4)	−3.9 (−6.9 to −0.9)
Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg*
12 months	−3.1 (−4.4 to −1.8)	−1.4 (−2.6 to −0.1)	−2.2 (−3.5 to −0.8)
24 months	−1.2 (−2.9 to 0.4)	0.4 (−1.1 to 1.9)	−2.2 (−3.8 to −0.6)
Inpatient care	1194 (−3546 to 6496)	1020 (−3062 to 5225)	−201 (−3917 to 5042)
Outpatient care	−247 (−2452 to 2101)	−110 (−2170 to 1798)	828 (−1602 to 2963)
Total medical cost	947 (−4457 to 7371)	910 (−4162 to 5749)	627 (−4384 to 6198)
Total cost (case 5)	1622 (−3806 to 8000)	1310 (−3721 to 6204)	1784 (−3197 to 7383)

Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval.

^†Estimates are based on a general linear model with an unstructured covariance matrix. General linear models were used to estimate changes in blood pressure over time and to test for blood pressure differences in the intervention groups relative to usual care at 12 and 24 months. Confidence intervals were derived from 1000 bootstrap samples to represent the relative change in blood pressure between each of the intervention groups and the usual care group at 12 and 24 months.¹⁴