Table 7.
Time (in Days) Required for 10% Reduction in Concentration (T–90%)
| Drug |
Current Study |
Previously Published Studies* |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4°C | 23°C | 4°C | 23°C | |||
| Cefazolin | ||||||
| Normal saline | ||||||
| 5 mg/mL | 69.6 | 7.9 | Ref. 15: | 9.6 | Ref. 15: | 8.9 |
| 10 mg/mL | Ref. 20: | 152.3 | Ref. 20: | 7.8 | ||
| Ref. 17: | 70.2 | |||||
| Ref. 21: | 1.1 | |||||
| 20 mg/mL | Ref. 16: | 26.0 | Ref. 16: | 11.2 | ||
| Ref. 18: | 41.2 | Ref. 18: | 2.3 | |||
| 40 mg/mL | 56.0 | 11.2 | ||||
| Dextrose 5% in water | ||||||
| 5 mg/mL | 59.8 | 7.5 | Ref. 15: | 26.1 | Ref. 15: | 7.3 |
| 10 mg/mL | Ref. 19: | 72.4 | Ref. 17: | 107.0 | ||
| Ref. 21: | 1.1 | |||||
| 20 mg/mL | Ref. 16: | 54.5 | Ref. 16: | 11.9 | ||
| Ref. 18: | 41.2 | Ref. 18: | 50.0 | |||
| 40 mg/mL | 90.7 | 9.9 | ||||
| Ceftazidime | ||||||
| Normal saline | ||||||
| 5 mg/mL | 26.4 | 3.7 | ||||
| 20 mg/mL | Ref. 18: | 18.0 | Ref. 18: | 2.4 | ||
| Ref. 20: | 9.1 | Ref. 20: | 2.0 | |||
| Ref. 26: | 4.1 | |||||
| 40 mg/mL | Ref. 7: | 18.5 | Ref. 7: | 3.6 | ||
| Ref. 22: | 35.8 | Ref. 22: | 2.4 | |||
| 60 mg/mL | 10.0 | 1.5 | ||||
| Dextrose 5% in water | ||||||
| 5 mg/mL | 8.8 | 2.0 | ||||
| 20 mg/mL | Ref. 18: | 12.3 | Ref. 18: | 1.1 | ||
| Ref. 26: | 2.1 | |||||
| 40 mg/mL | 4.9 | 1.1 | Ref. 7: | 11.5 | Ref. 7: | 3.4 |
| Ref. 22: | 21.3 | Ref. 22: | 1.6 | |||
| Ceftriaxone | ||||||
| Normal saline | ||||||
| 5 mg/mL | 65.7 | 8.1 | ||||
| 10 mg/mL | Ref. 20: | 140.0 | Ref. 20: | 5.5 | ||
| Ref. 23: | 3.5 | Ref. 23: | 2.0 | |||
| Ref. 24: | 10.5 | Ref. 24 | 4.2 | |||
| 20 mg/mL | Ref. 18: | 142.9 | Ref. 18: | 5.1 | ||
| Ref. 20: | 44.8 | Ref. 20: | 5.9 | |||
| Ref. 26: | 1.1 | |||||
| 40 mg/mL | 23.1 | 6.1 | Ref. 6: | 44.8 | Ref. 6: | 7.0 |
| Ref. 24: | 6.1 | Ref. 24 | 3.3 | |||
| Dextrose 5% in water | ||||||
| 5 mg/mL | 41.9 | 7.4 | ||||
| 10 mg/mL | Ref. 23: | 4.5 | Ref. 23: | 3.6 | ||
| Ref. 24: | 20.0 | Ref. 24 | 9.1 | |||
| 20 mg/mL | Ref. 18: | 15.9 | Ref. 18: | 18.8 | ||
| Ref. 25: | 51.6 | Ref. 26: | 1.4 | |||
| 40 mg/mL | 26.1 | 5.2 | Ref. 6: | 26.3 | Ref. 5: | 5.7 |
| Ref. 24: | 6.5 | Ref. 24: | 5.4 | |||
| Clindamycin | ||||||
| Normal saline | ||||||
| 1 mg/mL | 94.2 | 23.7 | ||||
| 9 mg/mL | Ref. 28: | 533.3 | Ref. 17: | 2.2 | ||
| Ref. 21: | 3.7 | |||||
| Ref. 26: | 2.2 | |||||
| Ref. 28: | 51.6 | |||||
| 12 mg/mL | 193.3 | 48.4 | Ref. 26: | 4.2 | ||
| Dextrose 5% in water | ||||||
| 1 mg/mL | 110.3 | 23.2 | ||||
| 6 mg/mL | Ref. 27: | 1.5 | ||||
| 9 mg/mL | Ref. 28: | 139.1 | Ref. 17 | 2.8 | ||
| Ref. 21: | 15.4 | |||||
| Ref. 26 | 2.8 | |||||
| Ref. 28: | 80 | |||||
| 12 mg/mL | 269.6 | 110.2 | Ref. 26: | 4.1 | ||
| Vancomycin | ||||||
| Normal saline | ||||||
| 1 mg/mL | 127.8 | 33.9 | ||||
| 4 mg/mL | Ref. 8: | 89.6 | Ref. 8: | 23.6 | ||
| 5 mg/mL | 108.2 | 24.27 | Ref. 8: | 100.5 | Ref. 8: | 23.6 |
| Ref. 29: | 643.6 | Ref. 29: | 29.0 | |||
| Dextrose 5% in water | ||||||
| 1 mg/mL | 139.5 | 89.1 | ||||
| 4 mg/mL | Ref. 8: | 29.9 | Ref. 8: | 16.6 | ||
| 5 mg/mL | 101.4 | 17.2 | Ref. 8: | 42.1 | Ref. 8: | 15.9 |
| Ref. 29: | 595.5 | Ref. 29: | 32.4 | |||
| Ref. 30: | 314.7 | |||||
| Ref. 31: | >999.0 | |||||
| 10 mg/mL | Ref. 30: | 555.2 | ||||
*
Time to achieve 90% of the initial concentration was calculated from published data by least squares linear regression in an attempt to eliminate differences in study duration and variability observed in the concentration on the last study day.