TABLE II.
SEROPREVALENCE OF HSV-2 INFECTION AND AGE-ADJUSTED SEROPREVALENCE RATIOS, BY AGE AND SELECTED CHARACTERISTICS OF PARTICIPANTS IN HO CHI MINH CITY AND HANOI, VIETNAM (1997)
| HO CHI MINH CITY | HANOI | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N‡ | % positive | aaPR§ (95% CI) | N‡ | % positive | aaPR§ (95% CI) | |
| Overall | 1,106 | 34.4 | (31.7–37.3) | 1,170 | 9.2 | (7.6–10.9) |
| Age-standardized* | 1,106 | 30.8 | (28.1–33.4) | 1,170 | 8.8 | (7.1–10.5) |
| Age (years) | ||||||
| <25† | 185 | 15.7 | 1. | 153 | 6.5 | 1. |
| 25–34 | 207 | 21.7 | 1.4 (0.9–2.1) | 225 | 9.8 | 1.5 (0.7–3.1) |
| 35–44 | 220 | 34.1 | 2.2 (1.5–3.2) | 228 | 9.7 | 1.5 (0.7–3.0) |
| 45–54 | 200 | 42.0 | 2.7 (1.8–3.9) | 211 | 7.6 | 1.2 (0.5–2.5) |
| 55–64 | 193 | 49.7 | 3.2 (2.2–4.6) | 224 | 11.2 | 1.7 (0.8–3.5) |
| ≥65 | 101 | 51.5 | 3.3 (2.2–4.8) | 129 | 10.1 | 1.5 (0.7–3.4) |
| Education | ||||||
| None† | 99 | 50.5 | 1 | 241 | 10.0 | 1 |
| Up to grade 6 | 345 | 42.0 | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 403 | 9.9 | 1.1 (0.6–2.0) |
| Grade 6 or higher | 661 | 28.0 | 0.8 (0.6–1.0) | 526 | 8.4 | 1.0 (0.5–1.8) |
| Marital status | ||||||
| Currently married† | 895 | 29.6 | 1 | 966 | 8.7 | 1 |
| Divorced | 72 | 45.8 | 1.3 (1.0–1.7) | 50 | 14.0 | 1.6 (0.8–3.4) |
| Widowed | 139 | 59.7 | 1.5 (1.2–1.8) | 153 | 11.1 | 1.2 (0.7–2.1) |
| Age at menarche | ||||||
| ≤16† | 823 | 34.0 | 1 | 728 | 8.7 | 1 |
| ≥17 | 282 | 35.5 | 0.9 (0.7–1.0) | 442 | 10.2 | 1.1 (0.8–1.6) |
| Age at first intercourse | ||||||
| <19 | 233 | 39.5 | 1.4 (1.1–1.7) | 407 | 8.1 | 0.9 (0.6–1.5) |
| 19–20 | 282 | 37.9 | 1.3 (1.1–1.6) | 405 | 10.6 | 1.2 (0.8–1.8) |
| ≥21† | 591 | 30.8 | 1 | 357 | 9.0 | 1 |
| Age at first pregnancy | ||||||
| <21 | 405 | 39.5 | 1.3 (1.1–1.6) | 530 | 10.0 | 1.3 (0.9–1.9) |
| 21–24 | 356 | 32.0 | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) | 472 | 8.3 | 0.9 (0.5–1.5) |
| ≥25† | 345 | 31.0 | 1 | 168 | 9.5 | 1 |
| IUD use | ||||||
| Never† | 628 | 35.0 | 1 | 517 | 9.1 | 1 |
| Ever | 478 | 33.7 | 1.0 (0.8–1.1) | 653 | 9.3 | 1.1 (0.7–1.7) |
| Oral contraceptive | ||||||
| Never† | 990 | 33.7 | 1 | 1154 | 9.3 | 1 |
| In past only | 82 | 37.8 | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) | 4 | 0 | || |
| Current use | 32 | 43.8 | 1.5 (1.1–2.2) | 12 | 8.3 | || |
| Condom use | ||||||
| Never† | 590 | 30.0 | 1 | 1055 | 9.5 | 1 |
| Ever | 516 | 39.5 | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 115 | 7.0 | 0.7 (0.3–1.5) |
| Parity | ||||||
| None | 33 | 48.5 | 1.5 (1.1–2.0) | 6 | 33.3 | || |
| 1–2† | 518 | 30.3 | 1 | 369 | 8.9 | 1 |
| 3–4 | 266 | 36.1 | 0.8 (0.6–1.0) | 388 | 9.3 | 1.0 (0.6–1.6) |
| ≥5 | 225 | 44.9 | 0.8 (0.6–1.0) | 377 | 9.8 | 1.0 (0.5–1.8) |
| Spontaneous abortion | ||||||
| Never† | 787 | 32.4 | 1 | 766 | 9.1 | 1 |
| Ever | 256 | 44.9 | 1.1 (1.0–1.4) | 373 | 10.2 | 1.1 (0.7–1.6) |
| Induced abortion | ||||||
| Never† | 741 | 36.6 | 1 | 858 | 10.1 | 1 |
| ≥1 | 302 | 32.8 | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 282 | 7.5 | 0.7(0.4–1.2) |
| Lifetime number of sexual partners | ||||||
| 1† | 1029 | 33.8 | 1 | 1107 | 9.2 | 1 |
| >1 | 70 | 47.1 | 1.3 (1.0–1.7) | 63 | 9.5 | 1.0 (0.5–2.3) |
| HPV DNA | ||||||
| No† | 1006 | 33.3 | 1 | 1089 | 9.3 | 1 |
| Yes | 99 | 46.5 | 1.4 (1.2–1.7) | 19 | 5.3 | || |
*
2000 world standard population;
†
Reference category;
‡
Number of women with data for HSV-2 and the indicated variable;
§
Age-adjusted prevalence ratio from log-binomial regression model;
||
Too few cases to estimate reliably.