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Cortisol rhythm under different sleep conditions. (a) and (b): 24-hour (+ SEM) cortisol profiles under 4 hours (a) and 12 hours (b) bedtimes (Adapted from Spiegel et al. [84]). (c) and (d): 24-hour (+ SEM) cortisol profiles in young insomniacs (c) and age, and BMI-matched controls (d) (Adapted from Vgontzas et al. [105]). Black bars represent the sleep periods.
