Table 1.

Baseline characteristics of patients with virologic failure during first-line ART with and without evidence of genotypic drug resistance

Characteristic	≥1 Major Resistance Mutation	No Major Mutation Detected
	N=122	N=19
Median age (years) [IQR]	36 (30–42)	43 (35–47) *
Women (%)	51	47
WHO classification (%)
Class 1	20	21
Class 2	23	21
Class 3	37	42
Class 4	20	16
ART regimen at virologic failure (%)
D4T – 3TC – EFV	40	63
D4T – 3TC – NVP	7	0
ZDV – 3TC – EFV	29	16
ZDV – 3TC – NVP	12	10
D4T – DDI – EFV	2	0
Other	10	11
Prior dual- or mono-therapy (%)	20	21
Median months of NNRTI-based ART [IQR]	13 (7–20)	8 (6–12) *
Median CD4 count at virologic failure (cells/ul) [IQR] 1	176 (112–259)	128 (103–221)
CD4 cell count category (%) 1
0–49 cells/ul	9	6
50–99 cells/ul	12	17
100–199 cells/ul	36	44
200–349 cells/ul	34	27
≥350 cells/ul	9	6
Median plasma viral load at virologic failure (copies/ml) [IQR] 2	17,000 (5500–68,264)	26,766 (2500–250,000)
Viral load category (copies/ml) (%) 2
400–4,999	22	32
5,000–29,999	38	20
30,000–99,999	23	11
≥ 100,000	17	37
Median hemoglobin (g/dl) [IQR] 3	13 (11–14)	12 (11–13)
Resistance mutations (%)
TAM1	14	NA
TAM2	30	NA
K65R	6	NA
Dual Class Resistance (≥1 major NRTI    and NNRTI mutation)	21	NA
ART regimen following virologic failure (%)
Lopinavir/ritonavir-based	90	21 **
Non-protease-inhibitor-based	7	63
No subsequent regimen	3	16

Wilcoxon, Chi-square, and Fisher’s tests used for two group,

^*p<0.05

^**p<0.001

¹Two patients were missing baseline CD4 cell count

²One patient was missing baseline viral load

³Eight patients were missing baseline hemoglobin