Table 2.

Predictors Modeled in Correlate Sets

	Addiction Concern		Problem Consequences		Alcohol and/or Drug use while Driving
Correlate Set	Russian	US	Russian	US	Russian	US
Model 1: Intrapersonal
Depression	0.20(0.06)*	0.11(0.04)*	0.33(0.05)*	0.06(0.04)	0.27(0..07)*	−0.02(0.04)
Perceived stress	0.13(0.07)+	0.10(0.04)*	−0.11(0.06)+	0.09(0.04)+	−0.11(0.07)	0.06(0.04)
Sensation seeking	0.11(0.05)*	0.18(0.04)*	0.04(0.04)	0.25(0.04)*	0.04(0.05)	0.18(0.04)*
Model 2: Cultural/attitudinal
Health as a value	−0.17(0.07)*	0.01(0.03)	−0.02(0.04)	0.01(0.03)	−0.01(0.07)	0.01(0.04)
Perceived harmfulness	−0.13(0.06)*	−0.17(0.04)*	−0.12(0.03)*	−0.21(0.03)*	−0.17(0.06)*	−0.14(0.04)*
School performance	−0.14(0.06)*	−0.09(0.04)*	−0.01(0.03)	−0.19(0.03)*	−0.09(0.05)+	−0.10(0.04)*
Motivation to improve	0.05(0.06)	−0.26(0.04)*	−0.01(0.03)	−0.20(0.03)*	0.01(0.06)	−0.16(0.04)*
Model 3: Social/interpersonal
Family conflict	0.11(0.06)+	0.08(0.03)*	0.01(0.05)	0.18(0.03)*	0.002(0.07)	0.06(0.03)+
Family substance abuser	0.57(0.18)*	0.20(0.07)*	0.02(0.15)	0.03(0.07)	−0.05(0.19)	0.09(0.07)
Friends’ substance use	0.22(0.06)*	0.30(0.03)*	0.32(0.05)*	0.36(0.03)*	0.25(0.06)*	0.26(0.04)*
Model 4: Drug Use Correlates
Cigarette in Last Month	0.39(0.13)*	0.80(0.10)*	0.32(0.11)*	0.71(0.10)*	0.32(0.14)*	0.45(0.11)*
Alcohol in Last Month	0.03(0.13)	0.43(0.08)*	0.16(0.11)	0.55(0.07)*	0.20(0.13)	0.37(0.08)*

Notes.

Betas (standard error) are reported in the table. The levels were adjusted for age, gender, parent’s education level and majority ethnicity for that country (US: white vs. other; Russia: Russian vs. other); possible intra-school correlations were modeled in mixed models.

Variables standardized (mean = 0; std = 1).

^*significance at p<0.05 based on two tailed t-test.

⁺significance at p<0.10 based on two tailed t-test.