Table 2.
Listed are all non-classical neurotrophic factors that have been evaluated in animal models related to ALS. Given are the respective animal model, the application mode of the factor, and the outcome of the experiment.
| Model | Treatment (animal/group) | Outcomes | Reference | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IGF-1 | Axotomy, mice | Gel diffusion, 5 μg +5-μg injection (n = 4) |
+40% MNs survival | Li et al. (1994) |
| SOD-1G93A mice | Viral, onset (n = 25) | +motor functions +MNs+30% survival |
Kaspar et al. (2003) | |
| SOD-1G93A mice | Transgenic, presympt. (n = 30) | +motor functions +MNs+24% survival |
Dobrowolny et al. (2005) | |
| SOD-1G93A mice | Intrathecal, 0.1–1 mg/kg/day, presymp. (n = 6) | +motor functions +MNs +11% survival |
Nagano et al. (2005a) | |
| SOD-1G93A mice | Transgenic, presympt. (n = 10) | No benefit | Messi et al. (2007) | |
| SOD-1G93A mice | Viral, presymp. (n = 9) | ±motor functions ±MNs±survival | Lepore et al. (2007) | |
| SOD-1G93A rats | Viral, presymp. (n = 17) | ±motor function +MNs 0 survival |
Franz et al. (2009) | |
| SOD-1G93A mice | Viral, onset (n = 25) | +motor functions +MNs +11% survival |
Dodge et al. (2008) | |
| VEGF | SOD-1G93A mice | Viral, presympt. (n = 7) | +motor functions +MNs +30% survival |
Azzouz et al. (2004) |
| SOD-1G93A rats | Pump delivery, 0.2–0.6 μg/kg, presympt. (n = 17) | +motor functions +MNs/NMJs +7% survival |
Storkebaum et al. (2005) | |
| SOD-1G93A mice | i.p., 1–8 μg/kg, 3 times a week, onset (n = 5) | +MNs +NMJs 0% survival | Zheng et al. (2007) | |
| SOD-1G93A mice | Ex vivo presympt. (n = 10) | +motor functions +9% survival |
Hwang et al. (2009) | |
| SOD-1G93A mice | Transgenic presympt. (n = 6) | +motor functions +MNs+17% survival |
Wang et al. (2007) | |
| FGF | Axotomy, rats | Gel foam, 2.5 μg (n = 48) | +50% MNs survival | Cuevas et al. (1995) |
| HGF | Axotomy, rats | Gel foam, 35 mg/kg (n = 4) | +ChAT activity | Okura et al. (1999) |
| SOD-1G93A mice | Transgenic, presympt. (n = 16) | +motor functions +MNs +19% survival |
Sun et al. (2002) | |
| SOD-1G93A rats | Intrathecal, 200 μg for 4-weeks symp. (n = 8) | +motor functions +MNs +7.7% survival |
Ishigaki et al. (2007) | |
| SOD-1G93A mice | Transgenic, presympt. (n = 4) | +MNs | Kadoyama et al. (2007) | |
| BMP-7 | SOD-1G93A mice | 10 μg, once (n = 22) | No benefit | Dreibelbis et al. (2002) |
| EPO | SOD-1G93A mice | s.c., 33.2 μg/kg/day, presympt. (n = 11) | +motor functions 0 MNs 0% survival | Grignaschi et al. (2007) |
| SOD-1G93A mice | i.p., 8.3 μg/kg twice a week, presympt. (n = 11) | ±motor functions 0% survival | Grunfeld et al. (2007) | |
| SOD-1G93A mice | i.p., 41.5 μg/kg twice a month, presympt. (n = 24) | +motor functions +MNs +10% survival |
Koh et al. (2007) | |
| G-CSF | Axotomy, mice | Transgenic (n = 7) | +40% MNs survival | Henriques et al. (2010) |
| SOD-1G93A mice | Osmotic pump, 30 μg/kg/day, sympt. (n = 18) | +motor functions +MNs+7% survival |
Pitzer et al. (2008) |
+: significant benefit; ±: partial effect; 0: no significant benefit; s.c.: subcutaneous; i.p.: intraperitoneal; sympt.: symptomatic; presympt.: presymptomatic.